Frontiers | Ancient diversification in extreme environments: Exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1393376
Claudia S. Maturana, Tamara Contador, Felipe L. Simões, Moisés A. Valladares, PAULA M. VIDAL, Melisa Gañán, Claudio A. González-Wevar, Elie Poulin, Chester J. Sands, Edgar C. Turner, Peter Convey
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Abstract

The terrestrial fauna of Antarctica consists of a limited number of species, notably insects, small crustaceans and other micro-invertebrates. Over long periods of evolutionary isolation, these organisms have developed varying degrees of tolerance to multifaceted environmental stresses. Recent molecular biogeographical research highlights the enduring persistence of much of Antarctica’s current terrestrial fauna, with estimates spanning from hundreds of thousands to millions of years. Parochlus steinenii, commonly known as the Antarctic winged midge, stands out as one of the only two insect species native to Antarctica. Distributed across three biogeographic regions, southern South America and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, sub-Antarctic South Georgia and the Maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands, this midge raises questions about the temporal isolation of its populations and their divergence. Employing mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, we conducted phylogeographic and demographic analyses on 151 individuals of P. steinenii obtained across the three main biogeographic regions including the Magellanic sub-Antarctic Ecoregion (MSE) of southern South America, the sub-Antarctic Island of South Georgia (SG) and the South Shetland Islands (SSI) within the Maritime Antarctic (MA). Our data support the diversification of P. steinenii during the mid-Pleistocene around 1.46 Mya. This period included a branching event between a clade containing only specimens from the MSE and a clade containing individuals from a broader range of locations including the SSI and SG. Based on intraspecific phylogeographic and demographic inferences, we detected strong evolutionary divergence between the three main biogeographic regions. We also detected a signal of population growth during the deglaciation process in SSI and SG, contrary to the pattern seen in the MSE. The different demographic and phylogeographic histories between the sampled biogeographic regions could result from the MA and SG experiencing a strong genetic bottleneck due to a reduction in population size during the Last Glacial Maximum, while the MSE maintained a significant effective population size. The high level of divergence detected between individuals from the MSE and the remaining biogeographic regions supports the hypothesis of a speciation process taking place in P. steinenii.
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前沿 | 极端环境中的古老多样性:探索南极翼蠓Parochlus steinenii(双翅目:摇蚊科)的历史生物地理学
南极洲陆地动物群由数量有限的物种组成,主要是昆虫、小型甲壳类动物和其他微小无脊椎动物。在长期的进化隔离过程中,这些生物对多方面的环境压力产生了不同程度的耐受性。最近的分子生物地理学研究表明,南极洲目前的陆生动物群中有很多都具有持久的生存能力,据估计,它们的生存时间跨度从几十万年到几百万年不等。Parochlus steinenii,俗称南极翼蠓,是仅有的两种原产于南极洲的昆虫物种之一。这种蠓虫分布在三个生物地理区域,即南美洲南部和福克兰/马尔维纳斯群岛、亚南极南乔治亚岛和南极南设得兰群岛。利用线粒体和核遗传标记,我们对在三个主要生物地理区域(包括南美洲南部麦哲伦亚南极生态区(MSE)、亚南极南乔治亚岛(SG)和南极海洋南设得兰群岛(SSI))获得的 151 个 steinenii 个体进行了系统地理学和人口统计学分析。我们的数据支持 P. steinenii 在大约 1.46 百万年前的更新世中期实现多样化。在这一时期,一个仅包含来自 MSE 的标本的支系与一个包含来自包括 SSI 和 SG 在内的更广泛地区的个体的支系之间发生了分枝。根据种内系统地理学和人口学推断,我们发现三个主要生物地理区域之间存在强烈的进化分化。我们还在 SSI 和 SG 发现了在退化过程中种群增长的信号,这与在 MSE 发现的模式相反。取样生物地理区域之间不同的人口和系统地理历史可能是由于 MA 和 SG 在末次冰川极盛时期由于种群数量减少而经历了强大的遗传瓶颈,而 MSE 则保持了相当大的有效种群数量。在 MSE 和其余生物地理区域的个体之间发现的高度分化支持了 P. steinenii 发生物种分化过程的假设。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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