Hypervigilance to pain and sleep quality are confounding variables in the infrared thermography examination of the temporomandibular joint and temporal and masseter muscles.
Erasmo Freitas de Souza Junior, Camila Maia Vieira Pereira, Jussara da Silva Barbosa, Maria Jacinta Arêa Leão Lopes Araújo Arruda, Daniela Pita de Melo, Patrícia Meira Bento
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Abstract
Objectives: Verify whether hypervigilance to pain (HP) and sleep quality (SQ) are confounding variables in the infrared thermography (IT) examination of the temporomandibular joint and temporal and masseter muscles.
Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted, collecting HP and SQ data from 80 participants without temporomandibular disorders (TMD), performing their IT and another 40 participants with TMD. For the selection of participants with and without TMD, the TMD Pain Screener questionnaire and axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were applied. SQ was verified using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. For the HP assessment the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) was applied. And the IT was performed through a FLIR infrared sensor camera, model T650 Infrared.
Results: No significant correlations were found between SQ and the temperatures of the areas of interest (P > .05), and regarding HP, a statistically significant positive correlation was found with the dimensionless (ρ = 0.289) and non-dimensionless (ρ = 0.223) asymmetries of temporal muscle temperatures. In the temperature comparisons between the participants without TMD and the participants with TMD, significant differences were found (P < .05), also when the group without TMD was controlled according to both HP and SQ (P < .05), with higher temperatures found in the TMD group.
Conclusions: HP and SQ can be considered confounding variables in IT examination of the temporomandibular region.
期刊介绍：
Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (DMFR) is the journal of the International Association of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (IADMFR) and covers the closely related fields of oral radiology and head and neck imaging.
Established in 1972, DMFR is a key resource keeping dentists, radiologists and clinicians and scientists with an interest in Head and Neck imaging abreast of important research and developments in oral and maxillofacial radiology.
The DMFR editorial board features a panel of international experts including Editor-in-Chief Professor Ralf Schulze. Our editorial board provide their expertise and guidance in shaping the content and direction of the journal.
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