Use of stool color card as screening tool for biliary atresia in resource-constraint country.

Abstract

Aim: The study was aimed to find out the efficacy of a stool color card (SCC) in differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from non-BA in resource-limited countries.

Background: stool color screening system was introduced in 2004 which lead to marked improvement in sensitivity of detecting BA.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January, 2019 through July, 2022 on purposively sampled infants who developed jaundice before three months of age, had direct bilirubin of > 20 % of total with pale stool and dark urine.

Results: 144 cases (male, 96) were included in the study and their mean age at admission was 87.3±37.2 days and mean age at onset of jaundice was 6.1±7.7 days. BA was confirmed in 106 (73.6%) cases and 38 (26.4%) children were in non-BA group. Frequency of persistent pale stool between BA and non- BA were 88 vs 8 (83.0 % Vs 21.0 %) which was highly significant (p=0.000). Mean difference of total and direct serum bilirubin, median alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase were not statistically significant between two groups. Median of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in BA was 570 U/L and in non-BA it was 138.0 U/L which was statistically significant (p=0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of SCC were 83%, 78.9%, 91.7%, 62.5% and 81.9% respectively.

Conclusion: SCC has good sensitivity to diagnose BA but failed to prove better specificity to rely simply on it. SCC may be used as early screening tool for prompt referral to appropriate medical care centers for final evaluation of BA.