Intraspecific variation in crayfish behavioral traits affects leaf litter breakdown in streams.

IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Oecologia Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI:10.1007/s00442-024-05593-0
Bana A Kabalan, Alexander J Reisinger, Lauren M Pintor, Marco A Scarasso, Lindsey S Reisinger
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Abstract

Although intraspecific trait variation is increasingly recognized as affecting ecosystem processes, few studies have examined the ecological significance of among-population variation in behavioral traits in natural ecosystems. In freshwater habitats, crayfish are consumers that can influence ecosystem structure (e.g., macroinvertebrate communities) and function (e.g., leaf litter breakdown). To test whether crayfish behavioral traits (activity, boldness, and foraging voracity) are major contributors of leaf litter breakdown rates in the field, we collected rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) from eight streams across the midwestern USA and measured behaviors using laboratory assays. At the same streams, we measured breakdown rates of leaf packs that were accessible or inaccessible to crayfish. Our results provide evidence that among-population variation in crayfish boldness and foraging voracity was a strong predictor of leaf litter breakdown rates, even after accounting for commonly appreciated environmental drivers (water temperature and human land use). Our results suggest that less bold rusty populations (i.e., emerged from shelter more slowly) had greater direct impacts on leaf litter breakdown than bold populations (P = 0.001, r2 = 0.85), potentially because leaf packs can be both a shelter and food resource to crayfish. Additionally, we found that foraging voracity was negatively related to breakdown rates in leaf packs that were inaccessible to crayfish (P = 0.025, r2 = 0.60), potentially due to a trophic cascade from crayfish preying on other invertebrates that consume leaf litter. Overall, our results add to the growing evidence that trait variation in animals may be important for understanding freshwater ecosystem functioning.

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小龙虾行为特征的种内变异会影响溪流中的叶屑分解。
尽管人们越来越认识到种群内性状变异会影响生态系统过程,但很少有研究探讨自然生态系统中种群间行为性状变异的生态学意义。在淡水栖息地,小龙虾是能影响生态系统结构(如大型无脊椎动物群落)和功能(如落叶分解)的消费者。为了检验小龙虾的行为特征(活动、胆量和觅食能力)是否是造成野外落叶层分解率的主要因素,我们从美国中西部的八条溪流中收集了锈色小龙虾(Faxonius rusticus),并使用实验室测定法测量了它们的行为。在同一条溪流中,我们测量了小龙虾能接触到或不能接触到的落叶层的分解率。我们的研究结果提供了证据,表明即使在考虑了普遍重视的环境因素(水温和人类土地利用)之后,小龙虾胆量和觅食能力的种群间差异仍能有力地预测落叶层的分解率。我们的研究结果表明,胆子较小的锈色种群(即从庇护所出来的速度较慢)比胆子大的种群对落叶层分解的直接影响更大(P = 0.001,r2 = 0.85),这可能是因为落叶层对小龙虾来说既是庇护所又是食物资源。此外,我们发现,在小龙虾无法进入的叶丛中,觅食能力与分解率呈负相关(P = 0.025,r2 = 0.60),这可能是由于小龙虾捕食其他消耗落叶的无脊椎动物所产生的营养级联。总之,我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,表明动物的性状变异可能对了解淡水生态系统的功能非常重要。
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来源期刊
Oecologia
Oecologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
192
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: Oecologia publishes innovative ecological research of international interest. We seek reviews, advances in methodology, and original contributions, emphasizing the following areas: Population ecology, Plant-microbe-animal interactions, Ecosystem ecology, Community ecology, Global change ecology, Conservation ecology, Behavioral ecology and Physiological Ecology. In general, studies that are purely descriptive, mathematical, documentary, and/or natural history will not be considered.
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