Phytoplankton distribution pattern and its implication for the establishment of land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facility in tropical waters

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Continental Shelf Research Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2024.105272
Ponnusamy Sathish Kumar , Krupa Ratnam , Santhanakumar Jeyapal , Dilip Kumar Jha , Vinithkumar Nambali Valsalan , Dharani Gopal , Arthur James Rathinam
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Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytoplankton distribution in tropical waters and its implication for establishing land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facility (BWTT-TF) as per the International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines. Samples were collected from the Swarnamukhi estuary (SE) and coastal locations on the east and west coast of India. The maximum phytoplankton density in the size group of ≥10 and < 50 μm was recorded as 3002 cells/mL in estuarine waters and 172 cells/mL in coastal waters. Among the phytoplankton, Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta were observed at all locations, whereas Ochrophyta and Chlorophyta were found only at specific locations or during specific periods. According to IMO guidelines, the minimum required number of species (5) was observed at all the locations, but the minimum number of phyla (3) was not found at some locations. The IMO minimum required phytoplankton density (>1000 cells/mL) was observed only during the bloom period, whereas it was about 5–50 times lower during other periods. Taxonomic distinctness indices were used to examine the diversity beyond the conventional species count. The study found that the Buckingham Canal and Swarnamuki River upstream among the SE locations, and coastal stations of Pamanji and Tirunelveli among the coastal locations, are suitable sites to establish land-based BWTT-TF. Since the results indicate that achieving the IMO specified size group of ≥10 and < 50 μm density in tropical waters was possible only during the bloom period, culturing phytoplankton surrogates and concentrating naturally available phytoplankton are recommended as alternate methods for establishing land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facilities.

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浮游植物分布模式及其对在热带水域建立陆基压载水处理技术和试验设施的影响
本研究的目的是调查热带水域浮游植物的分布情况及其对按照国际海事组织(IMO)准则建立陆基压载水处理技术和测试设施(BWTT-TF)的影响。样本采集自 Swarnamukhi 河口(SE)以及印度东西海岸的沿海地区。在河口水域和沿岸水域,浮游植物最大密度分别为 3002 个细胞/毫升和 172 个细胞/毫升,浮游植物的大小组别为≥10 和 < 50 μm。在浮游植物中,所有地点都能观察到芽生藻和叶绿藻,而赭藻和叶绿藻只在特定地点或特定时期才被发现。根据国际海事组织的指导方针,在所有地点都观测到了最低要求的物种数(5 个),但在某些地点没有发现最低要求的门类数(3 个)。国际海事组织规定的浮游植物最低密度(1000 个细胞/毫升)仅在水华期出现过,而在其他时期则低约 5-50 倍。除了常规的物种计数外,还使用了分类学差异指数来研究多样性。研究发现,东南部地区的白金汉运河和 Swarnamuki 河上游,以及沿海地区的 Pamanji 和 Tirunelveli 沿海站点,都是建立陆基 BWTT-TF 的合适地点。由于研究结果表明,在热带水域要达到国际海事组织规定的≥10 μm 和 < 50 μm 的密度,只有在水华期才有可能,因此建议将培养浮游植物代用品和浓缩天然浮游植物作为建立陆基压载水处理技术和试验设施的替代方法。
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来源期刊
Continental Shelf Research
Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.
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