Impacto de la obesidad y la diabetes en la salud y en la enfermedad cardiovascular

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Atencion Primaria Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103045

Albert Lecube

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Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. This risk is proportional to body mass index (BMI), is exacerbated by comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, and includes emerging risk factors like insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and thrombosis tendency. The distribution of adipose tissue, especially visceral fat and ectopic deposition in the heart, is another key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases in these patients, along with atrial and ventricular remodeling. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in reducing these risks. The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in obesity and T2D include lifestyle changes, specific pharmacological treatment and management of comorbidities, and attention to cardiovascular risk factors.

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[肥胖和糖尿病对健康和心血管疾病的影响]。

肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）会显著增加冠心病、心房颤动、心力衰竭和心脏性猝死等心血管疾病的风险。这种风险与体重指数（BMI）成正比，并因高血压和血脂异常等合并症而加剧，还包括胰岛素抵抗、低度慢性炎症和血栓形成倾向等新出现的风险因素。脂肪组织的分布，尤其是内脏脂肪和异位沉积在心脏的脂肪组织，是这些患者发生心血管疾病的另一个关键因素，同时也是心房和心室重塑的关键因素。减肥手术已被证明能有效降低这些风险。肥胖症和 T2D 患者心血管疾病的预防和治疗包括改变生活方式、特定药物治疗和合并症管理，以及关注心血管风险因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atencion Primaria 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

156

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Atención Primaria es una revista que publica trabajos de investigación relativos al ámbito de la atención primaria de salud. Desde el punto de vista conceptual, Atención Primaria asume el nuevo modelo de atención primaria de salud, orientado no sólo a la curación de la enfermedad, sino también a su prevención y a la promoción de la salud, tanto en el plano individual como en el de la familia y la comunidad. En estos nuevos aspectos que definen el modelo de atención primaria de salud es en los que se centran los trabajos de investigación que publica Atención Primaria, la primera revista de originales española creada para recoger y difundir la producción científica realizada desde los centros de atención primaria de salud sobre cuestiones como protocolización de la asistencia, programas de prevención, seguimiento y control de pacientes crónicos, organización y gestión de la asistencia primaria, entre otros.