Investigating the Technical Suitability of Gray Water in Concrete Production Based on Physical and Mechanical Properties

IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI:10.1007/s40996-024-01550-2
Mehdi Torabi-Kaveh, Ali Falah, Vahab Amiri
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Abstract

This research investigated the suitability of gray water as a non-conventional water source in the concrete production. The findings showed that both gray and tap water can be considered as mixing water, but based on water quality indicators for industry usage, gray water cannot be used without restrictions to build reinforced concrete structures due to its high corrosive ability. Gray water had no significant effect on the slump and setting time of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete made with tap water increases from 7 days to 28 days, while gray water concrete, after an increasing trend from 7 days to 14 days, reached its lowest value at 28 days (28.1 MPa). This decrease is due to high TDS values and impurities, which can lead to a decrease in compressive strength. Gray water concrete showed a significant loss in tensile strength compared to tap water concrete after 28 days of curing. The P-wave velocity of the tap water concrete sample increased with the increase in curing time, while the gray water sample decreased by 13% in 28 days. Microscopic studies revealed the formation of carbonate halos around carbonate aggregates due to alkaline reactions in both tap and gray water concretes. The carbonate halo has developed to the inner parts of the aggregates in the gray water sample, indicating greater intensity of alkaline reactions. This means the long-term strength of the concrete will likely suffer a significant loss.

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根据物理和机械性能研究灰水在混凝土生产中的技术适用性
这项研究调查了灰水作为非常规水源在混凝土生产中的适用性。研究结果表明,灰水和自来水都可作为拌合用水,但根据工业用水的水质指标,灰水由于具有高腐蚀性,不能无限制地用于建造钢筋混凝土结构。灰水对混凝土的坍落度和凝结时间没有明显影响。自来水混凝土的抗压强度在 7 天至 28 天期间不断增加,而灰水混凝土在 7 天至 14 天期间呈上升趋势,在 28 天时达到最低值(28.1 兆帕)。这一下降是由于高 TDS 值和杂质导致抗压强度下降。与自来水混凝土相比,灰水混凝土在 28 天养护后的抗拉强度明显下降。自来水混凝土样品的 P 波速度随着养护时间的增加而增加,而灰水样品在 28 天内下降了 13%。显微镜研究显示,在自来水和灰水混凝土中,由于碱性反应,碳酸盐骨料周围都形成了碳酸盐晕。在灰水样本中,碳酸盐晕向骨料内部发展,表明碱性反应的强度更大。这意味着混凝土的长期强度可能会大幅下降。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
11.80%
发文量
203
期刊介绍: The aim of the Iranian Journal of Science and Technology is to foster the growth of scientific research among Iranian engineers and scientists and to provide a medium by means of which the fruits of these researches may be brought to the attention of the world’s civil Engineering communities. This transaction focuses on all aspects of Civil Engineering and will accept the original research contributions (previously unpublished) from all areas of established engineering disciplines. The papers may be theoretical, experimental or both. The journal publishes original papers within the broad field of civil engineering which include, but are not limited to, the following: -Structural engineering- Earthquake engineering- Concrete engineering- Construction management- Steel structures- Engineering mechanics- Water resources engineering- Hydraulic engineering- Hydraulic structures- Environmental engineering- Soil mechanics- Foundation engineering- Geotechnical engineering- Transportation engineering- Surveying and geomatics.
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