Time spent away from bed is associated with oral hygiene and oral function: A cross-sectional and multi-institutional study

Abstract

Background

Spending time away from bed is important in older adults. Not doing so can lead to functional decline rapidly.

Objective

To investigate the association between oral function and time spent away from bed in older adults living in nursing homes.

Methods

We enrolled 748 adults aged ≥65 years across eight nursing homes between April 2022 and March 2023. ‘Problems with oral hygiene’ and ‘problems with oral function’ were the dependent variables in the multiple regression analyses to determine their association with time spent away from bed.

Results

We selected 304 participants (76 men; mean age, 86.3 ± 7.5 years) and divided them into three groups: group S (< 4 h), group M (4 to < 6 h) and group L (≥ 6 h), with 28, 23 and 253 participants, respectively. Comparison of the characteristics between the groups demonstrated significant differences in the Barthel index (p < .001), time spent away from bed (p < .001), history of aspiration pneumonia (p < .001), confirmation of meals and food forms (p = .010), problems with oral hygiene (p = .014), and problems with oral function (p = .002). Based on multiple regression analyses, ‘problems with oral hygiene’ (p < .001) and ‘problems with oral function’ (p < .001) were significantly associated with time spent away from bed.

Conclusions

The time spent away from bed was significantly associated with both oral hygiene and function in older adults, suggesting the importance of extending the time that older adults spend away from bed.