Terra Fairbanks, Ali K Zadeh, Hrishikesh Raghuram, Alan Coreas, Shirshak Shrestha, Siyun Li, G Bruce Pike, Fady Girgis, Samuel Pichardo
{"title":"Pipeline for Planning and Execution of Transcranial Ultrasound Neuromodulation Experiments in Humans.","authors":"Terra Fairbanks, Ali K Zadeh, Hrishikesh Raghuram, Alan Coreas, Shirshak Shrestha, Siyun Li, G Bruce Pike, Fady Girgis, Samuel Pichardo","doi":"10.3791/66972","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of manipulating both cortical and subcortical structures with high precision. Conducting experiments involving humans necessitates careful planning of acoustic and thermal simulations. This planning is essential to adjust for bone interference with the ultrasound beam's shape and trajectory and to ensure TUS parameters meet safety requirements. T1- and T2-weighted, along with zero-time echo (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with 1 mm isotropic resolution, are acquired (alternatively computed tomography x-ray (CT) scans) for skull reconstruction and simulations. Target and trajectory mapping are performed using a neuronavigational platform. SimNIBS is used for the initial segmentation of the skull, skin, and brain tissues. Simulation of TUS is carried over with the BabelBrain tool, which uses the ZTE scan to produce synthetic CT images of the skull to be converted into acoustic properties. We use a phased array ultrasound transducer with electrical steering capabilities. Z-steering is adjusted to ensure that the target depth is reached. Other transducer configurations are also supported in the planning tool. Thermal simulations are run to ensure temperature and mechanical index requirements are within the acoustic guidelines for TUS in human subjects as recommended by the FDA. During TUS delivery sessions, a mechanical arm assists in the movement of the transducer to the required location using a frameless stereotactic localization system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3791/66972","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of manipulating both cortical and subcortical structures with high precision. Conducting experiments involving humans necessitates careful planning of acoustic and thermal simulations. This planning is essential to adjust for bone interference with the ultrasound beam's shape and trajectory and to ensure TUS parameters meet safety requirements. T1- and T2-weighted, along with zero-time echo (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with 1 mm isotropic resolution, are acquired (alternatively computed tomography x-ray (CT) scans) for skull reconstruction and simulations. Target and trajectory mapping are performed using a neuronavigational platform. SimNIBS is used for the initial segmentation of the skull, skin, and brain tissues. Simulation of TUS is carried over with the BabelBrain tool, which uses the ZTE scan to produce synthetic CT images of the skull to be converted into acoustic properties. We use a phased array ultrasound transducer with electrical steering capabilities. Z-steering is adjusted to ensure that the target depth is reached. Other transducer configurations are also supported in the planning tool. Thermal simulations are run to ensure temperature and mechanical index requirements are within the acoustic guidelines for TUS in human subjects as recommended by the FDA. During TUS delivery sessions, a mechanical arm assists in the movement of the transducer to the required location using a frameless stereotactic localization system.
经颅超声刺激(TUS)是一种新兴的非侵入性神经调控技术,能够高精度地操纵皮层和皮层下结构。要进行涉及人体的实验,就必须仔细规划声学和热学模拟。这种规划对于调整骨骼对超声束形状和轨迹的干扰以及确保 TUS 参数符合安全要求至关重要。采集 T1 和 T2 加权以及零时间回波(ZTE)磁共振成像(MRI)扫描(各向同性分辨率为 1 毫米)(或计算机断层扫描 X 光(CT)扫描),用于头骨重建和模拟。使用神经导航平台进行目标和轨迹绘图。SimNIBS 用于头骨、皮肤和脑组织的初始分割。使用 BabelBrain 工具对 TUS 进行模拟,该工具使用中兴扫描生成头骨的合成 CT 图像,并将其转换为声学特性。我们使用具有电子转向功能的相控阵超声换能器。Z 向转向可进行调整,以确保达到目标深度。规划工具还支持其他传感器配置。我们会进行热模拟,以确保温度和机械指数要求符合 FDA 建议的人体 TUS 声学准则。在 TUS 传输过程中,机械臂会使用无框架立体定位系统协助将传感器移动到所需位置。
期刊介绍:
JoVE, the Journal of Visualized Experiments, is the world''s first peer reviewed scientific video journal. Established in 2006, JoVE is devoted to publishing scientific research in a visual format to help researchers overcome two of the biggest challenges facing the scientific research community today; poor reproducibility and the time and labor intensive nature of learning new experimental techniques.