Photobiomodulation under Electroencephalographic Controls of Sleep for Stimulation of Lymphatic Removal of Toxins from Mouse Brain.

Abstract

The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) play an important role in the removal of toxins from the brain. The development of innovative technologies for the stimulation of MLV functions is a promising direction in the progress of the treatment of various brain diseases associated with MLV abnormalities, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, and intracranial hemorrhages. Sleep is a natural state when the brain's drainage processes are most active. Therefore, stimulation of the brain's drainage and MLVs during sleep may have the most pronounced therapeutic effects. However, such commercial technologies do not currently exist. This study presents a new portable technology of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) under electroencephalographic (EEG) control of sleep designed to photo-stimulate removal of toxins (e.g., soluble amyloid beta (Aβ)) from the brain of aged BALB/c mice with the ability to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of different optical resources. The technology can be used in the natural condition of a home cage without anesthesia, maintaining the motor activity of mice. These data open up new prospects for developing non-invasive and clinically promising photo-technologies for the correction of age-related changes in the MLV functions and brain's drainage processes and for effectively cleansing brain tissues from metabolites and toxins. This technology is intended both for preclinical studies of the functions of the sleeping brain and for developing clinically relevant treatments for sleep-related brain diseases.