On the performance of a hybrid optical communication system: MGDM–FSO for challenging environments

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to optical communication systems by introducing a hybrid MGDM–FSO (Mode Group Diversity Multiplexing—Free Space Optical) system. The primary objective of this innovative system is to address the limitations of traditional communication systems, particularly in challenging environmental conditions. By combining the advantages of MGDM, which enhances transmission capacity in optical fibers, with the flexibility and high data rates offered by FSO technology, the hybrid MGDM–FSO system aims to overcome obstacles encountered during data transmission. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the proposed system's architecture and performance characteristics under various operating conditions. Specifically, we investigate both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations of the MGDM–FSO system. Performance metrics such as received power levels, bit error rate (BER), and quality factor (Q-factor) are evaluated to assess the system's efficiency across different weather conditions. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the system's performance under a range of scenarios. Our findings indicate that under clear weather conditions, both SISO and MIMO configurations exhibit optimal performance, characterized by high Q-factor and low BER. However, as weather conditions deteriorate to heavy rain and heavy fog, the Q-factor of the received signal decreases, highlighting the impact of environmental factors on system performance. This study contributes valuable insights into the behavior of hybrid MGDM–FSO systems and emphasizes the importance of robust communication techniques to mitigate environmental challenges. The findings presented here have implications for the design and implementation of optical communication systems in real-world scenarios.