Clinical Toxicology of OTC Cough and Cold Pediatric Medications: A Narrative Review.

IF 1.7 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics Pub Date : 2024-07-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2147/PHMT.S468314
Ajeng Diantini, Mohammed Alfaqeeh, Lanny Indah Permatasari, Mirna Nurfitriani, Lela Durotulailah, Wening Wulandari, Truly Deti Rose Sitorus, Gofarana Wilar, Jutti Levita
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Abstract

Cough and cold symptoms (CCS) are common pediatric conditions often treated with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. However, the available knowledge regarding the safety and toxicity of these medications in children is inadequate. Therefore, understanding their clinical toxicology is crucial for safeguarding children's well-being. This narrative review highlights the importance of clinical toxicology in evaluating the safety and toxicity profile of OTC medications for treating CCS in pediatric patients. The pharmacology, clinical features, and adverse effects of various drug classes commonly found in cough and cold medications are briefly discussed. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are also examined to understand the interactions between these drugs and the body. OTC cough and cold medications often contain active ingredients such as antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and analgesics-antipyretics. The combination of multiple ingredients in these products significantly increases the risk of adverse effects and unintentional overdoses. Several case studies have reported significant toxicity and even fatalities associated with the use of these medications in children. This review underscores the critical importance of clinical toxicology in evaluating the safety and toxicity profile of OTC medications employed for treating CCS in pediatric patients. The findings highlight the significance of informed clinical practice and public health policies to ensure the well-being of children using OTC cough and cold medications.

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儿科非处方药咳嗽和感冒药的临床毒理学:叙述性综述。
咳嗽和感冒症状(CCS)是儿科常见病,通常使用非处方药(OTC)治疗。然而,有关这些药物对儿童的安全性和毒性的现有知识还很不足。因此,了解这些药物的临床毒理学对保障儿童健康至关重要。本叙述性综述强调了临床毒理学在评估用于治疗儿童慢性疾病的非处方药物的安全性和毒性方面的重要性。文中简要讨论了咳嗽和感冒药中常见的各类药物的药理、临床特征和不良反应。此外,还研究了药代动力学和药效学参数,以了解这些药物与人体之间的相互作用。非处方药咳嗽和感冒药通常含有抗组胺剂、减充血剂、抗惊厥剂、祛痰剂和镇痛解热剂等活性成分。这些产品中多种成分的组合大大增加了不良反应和意外过量的风险。一些病例研究报告称,儿童使用这些药物会产生严重毒性,甚至导致死亡。本综述强调了临床毒理学在评估用于治疗儿科 CCS 的非处方药物的安全性和毒性方面的至关重要性。研究结果强调了知情临床实践和公共卫生政策对于确保使用非处方药物治疗咳嗽和感冒的儿童健康的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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