Care Needs, Challenges, and Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Cancer Survivors in Taiwan: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the care needs, challenges, and experiences of cancer care among sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors in Taiwan.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face or telephonically with 30 SGM cancer survivors in Taiwan. Data were analyzed using the socio-ecological model and the constant comparative technique. The study used the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.

Results

The needs, challenges, and experiences of cancer care among SGM cancer survivors were categorized and presented according to the level of the social-ecological model: (1) intrapersonal level: physical and psychological impacts and changes in outlook on life after cancer diagnosis and treatment; (2) interpersonal level: informal social support resources and challenges for developing intimate relationships; (3) community level: formal social support resources and lack of SGM support groups; and (4) societal and policy level: positive and negative experiences with oncology healthcare providers (HCPs), sexual orientation disclosure, and lack of an SGM-friendly environment.

Conclusions

Multilevel care needs and challenges in cancer care among SGM cancer survivors were identified. Oncology HCPs should be aware of and assess SGM cancer survivors’ psychosexual issues and psychological status and provide suitable care resources to individuals. Moreover, training courses on culturally competent cancer care and information on SGM-related health policies (including same-sex marriage) should be provided to oncology HCPs to improve their sensitivity, knowledge, and skills to provide suitable care for SGM cancer survivors.

Implications for Nursing practice

The study findings can be used to design and develop training courses for culturally competent cancer care for oncology HCPs to improve the quality of care and reduce cancer care disparities among SGM cancer patients.