{"title":"The impact of urbanisation on green total factor productivity: Exploring threshold and mediating effects of human capital","authors":"Guimei Wang, Muhammad Salman, Kuangwei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3820","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Green development is main direction of high-quality economic development in China. Urbanisation and human capital (HC) are important factors affecting green development. This study examines effects of urbanisation and HC on green total factor productivity (GTFP) using least squares dummy variable model, based on provincial data in China from 2001 to 2019. This study then explored impact of urbanisation on GTFP through HC (educated HC, healthy HC, and HC structure), adopting mediating effect and threshold effect model. The results showed that urbanisation and three types of HC promote GTFP in China and coastal region. In inland region, urbanisation has insignificant impact on GTFP, while educated HC and HC structure improve it. The mediating analysis revealed that educated and healthy HC in China and coastal region enhance promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP, whereas HC structure hinders it. In inland region, only healthy HC stimulates promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP. Considering threshold effect of educated and healthy HC, promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP is weaker than threshold value; but effect is stronger above threshold value. The promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP is stronger when value of HC structure is below the threshold, while effect is weakened as value exceeds threshold value. Policy implications are documented to promote urbanisation in a differentiated manner, increase investment in HC, and strengthen coordination between urbanisation and HC.</p>","PeriodicalId":47637,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","volume":"39 5","pages":"1482-1502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hpm.3820","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Green development is main direction of high-quality economic development in China. Urbanisation and human capital (HC) are important factors affecting green development. This study examines effects of urbanisation and HC on green total factor productivity (GTFP) using least squares dummy variable model, based on provincial data in China from 2001 to 2019. This study then explored impact of urbanisation on GTFP through HC (educated HC, healthy HC, and HC structure), adopting mediating effect and threshold effect model. The results showed that urbanisation and three types of HC promote GTFP in China and coastal region. In inland region, urbanisation has insignificant impact on GTFP, while educated HC and HC structure improve it. The mediating analysis revealed that educated and healthy HC in China and coastal region enhance promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP, whereas HC structure hinders it. In inland region, only healthy HC stimulates promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP. Considering threshold effect of educated and healthy HC, promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP is weaker than threshold value; but effect is stronger above threshold value. The promotion effect of urbanisation on GTFP is stronger when value of HC structure is below the threshold, while effect is weakened as value exceeds threshold value. Policy implications are documented to promote urbanisation in a differentiated manner, increase investment in HC, and strengthen coordination between urbanisation and HC.
绿色发展是中国经济高质量发展的主攻方向。城镇化和人力资本（HC）是影响绿色发展的重要因素。本研究基于 2001 年至 2019 年中国各省数据，采用最小二乘法虚拟变量模型研究了城镇化和人力资本对绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）的影响。然后，本研究采用中介效应和门槛效应模型，通过人机交互（教育人机交互、健康人机交互和人机交互结构）探讨了城镇化对绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明，在中国和沿海地区，城市化和三类 HC 促进了 GTFP 的增长。在内陆地区，城市化对 GTFP 的影响不显著，而受过教育的 HC 和 HC 结构则改善了 GTFP。中介分析表明，在中国和沿海地区，受过教育和健康的家政服务人员增强了城市化对 GTFP 的促进作用，而家政服务人员结构则阻碍了这一作用。在内陆地区，只有健康的家政服务能刺激城市化对 GTFP 的促进作用。考虑到受教育程度和健康 HC 的阈值效应，城市化对 GTFP 的促进效应弱于阈值，但高于阈值则更强。当 HC 结构值低于临界值时，城市化对 GTFP 的促进作用更强，而当 HC 结构值超过临界值时，促进作用减弱。本文阐述了以差异化方式促进城市化、增加对 HC 的投资以及加强城市化与 HC 之间协调的政策含义。
期刊介绍：
Policy making and implementation, planning and management are widely recognized as central to effective health systems and services and to better health. Globalization, and the economic circumstances facing groups of countries worldwide, meanwhile present a great challenge for health planning and management. The aim of this quarterly journal is to offer a forum for publications which direct attention to major issues in health policy, planning and management. The intention is to maintain a balance between theory and practice, from a variety of disciplines, fields and perspectives. The Journal is explicitly international and multidisciplinary in scope and appeal: articles about policy, planning and management in countries at various stages of political, social, cultural and economic development are welcomed, as are those directed at the different levels (national, regional, local) of the health sector. Manuscripts are invited from a spectrum of different disciplines e.g., (the social sciences, management and medicine) as long as they advance our knowledge and understanding of the health sector. The Journal is therefore global, and eclectic.
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