Peripheral sensory nerve regeneration: Novel target in bone tissue engineering

Brain-X Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1002/brx2.71
Lan Xiao, Jiaying Liu, Fuhua Yan, Yin Xiao
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Abstract

Synthetic biomaterials are emerging candidate solutions for treating large bone defects. However, the clinical performances of most synthetic materials are not satisfactory, with the need for improvement in design and synthesis. Although bone is highly innervated, the central role during healing of the peripheral nervous system, and in particular sensory nerves (SNs), has only recently been acknowledged. SNs can improve osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem/stromal cells through neurotransmitters and peptides; the interplay between SNs and the vascular system also facilitates vascular network reconstruction, indirectly facilitating bone healing. These factors suggest the importance of SNs in bone healing, a vital point that has been overlooked in bone biomaterial design until very recently. SN regeneration represents a novel direction in the development of biomaterials for bone regeneration. The current perspective paper summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms under the regulatory influence of SNs in the bone healing process and outlines the recent advances in biomaterials for innervated bone tissue regeneration. This establishes potential future directions for bone engineering biomaterial design.

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外周感觉神经再生:骨组织工程的新目标
合成生物材料是治疗大面积骨缺损的新兴候选解决方案。然而,大多数合成材料的临床表现并不令人满意,需要在设计和合成方面加以改进。虽然骨骼具有高度神经支配,但外周神经系统,尤其是感觉神经(SN)在愈合过程中的核心作用直到最近才得到承认。感觉神经可通过神经递质和多肽改善骨髓干细胞/基质细胞的成骨分化;感觉神经与血管系统之间的相互作用也有利于血管网络的重建,间接促进骨愈合。这些因素表明了SN在骨愈合中的重要性,而直到最近,骨生物材料设计中一直忽略了这一关键点。SN再生是骨再生生物材料发展的一个新方向。本视角论文总结了骨愈合过程中受神经元调控影响的细胞和分子机制,并概述了用于神经支配骨组织再生的生物材料的最新进展。这为骨工程生物材料的设计确立了潜在的未来方向。
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