{"title":"Physical activity, long-term fine particulate matter exposure and type 2 diabetes incidence: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Qian Li, Fangchao Liu, Keyong Huang, Fengchao Liang, Chong Shen, Jian Liao, Jianxin Li, Chenxi Yuan, Xueli Yang, Jie Cao, Shufeng Chen, Dongsheng Hu, Jianfeng Huang, Yang Liu, Xiangfeng Lu, Dongfeng Gu","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.128","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Despite the adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) on type 2 diabetes and the beneficial role of physical activity (PA), the influence of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on the relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes remains unclear.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>In this prospective study with 71,689 participants, PA was assessed by a questionnaire and was categorized into quartiles for volume and three groups for intensity. Long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure was calculated using 1-km resolution satellite-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> estimates. PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and PA's effect on type 2 diabetes were assessed by cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, individually and in combination.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>In 488,166 person-years of follow-up, 5487 incident type 2 diabetes cases were observed. The association between PA and type 2 diabetes was modified by PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Compared with the lowest quartile of PA volume, the highest quartile was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk in low PM<sub>2.5</sub> stratification (≤65.02 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) other than in high PM<sub>2.5</sub> stratification (>65.02 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.85) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99–1.22), respectively. Similar results were observed for PA intensity. High PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure combined with the highest PA levels increased the risk of type 2 diabetes the most (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.59–2.01 for PA volume; HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64–2.02 for PA intensity).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>PA could reduce type 2 diabetes risk in low-pollution areas, but high PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure may weaken or even reverse the protective effects of PA. Safety and health benefits of PA should be thoroughly assessed for long-term polluted residents.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.128","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cdt3.128","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background
Despite the adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on type 2 diabetes and the beneficial role of physical activity (PA), the influence of PM2.5 on the relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes remains unclear.
Methods
In this prospective study with 71,689 participants, PA was assessed by a questionnaire and was categorized into quartiles for volume and three groups for intensity. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was calculated using 1-km resolution satellite-based PM2.5 estimates. PM2.5 exposure and PA's effect on type 2 diabetes were assessed by cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, individually and in combination.
Results
In 488,166 person-years of follow-up, 5487 incident type 2 diabetes cases were observed. The association between PA and type 2 diabetes was modified by PM2.5. Compared with the lowest quartile of PA volume, the highest quartile was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk in low PM2.5 stratification (≤65.02 µg/m3) other than in high PM2.5 stratification (>65.02 µg/m3), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.85) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99–1.22), respectively. Similar results were observed for PA intensity. High PM2.5 exposure combined with the highest PA levels increased the risk of type 2 diabetes the most (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.59–2.01 for PA volume; HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64–2.02 for PA intensity).
Conclusion
PA could reduce type 2 diabetes risk in low-pollution areas, but high PM2.5 exposure may weaken or even reverse the protective effects of PA. Safety and health benefits of PA should be thoroughly assessed for long-term polluted residents.
期刊介绍：
This journal aims to promote progress from basic research to clinical practice and to provide a forum for communication among basic, translational, and clinical research practitioners and physicians from all relevant disciplines. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases (such as asthma and COPD), chronic kidney diseases, and related translational research. Topics of interest for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine include Research and commentary on models of chronic diseases with significant implications for disease diagnosis and treatment Investigative studies of human biology with an emphasis on disease Perspectives and reviews on research topics that discuss the implications of findings from the viewpoints of basic science and clinical practic.
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