Beyond registration: a systematic review of the challenges in managing geographical indications

Abstract

Intellectual property is a strategic resource for both companies and nations, with geographical indications (GIs) being one of its main elements. These constitute intellectual property mechanisms applicable to goods and services characterized by the place of origin (harvested, produced, or manufactured), which involve environmental, historical, social, and cultural criteria, and thus, need to be managed appropriately. This study aims to analyze how GI management has been addressed in primary studies on the topic. To this end, a systematic review of the related literature between the years 2013 and 2023 was conducted. Out of a total of 396 publications, 21 national publications were selected in which GI appeared as the main objective along with its management process. However, after a complete analysis, it was found that post-registration management is still treated as a secondary objective, thereby demonstrating the importance of further studies on the topic.