Composite materials based on quantum dots and polymer matrices for gamma radiation registration in the next-generation scintillation detectors

Alexander A. Knysh, V. Sosnovtsev, I. Nabiev, P. Samokhvalov
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development of new scintillation materials based on fluorescent nanocrystals with a perovskite structure of CsPbBr3 composition and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots is a pressing topic that is being pursued by numerous scientific groups [1–4]. Both of these materials have a high potential for application in this role due to their excellent fluorophore properties, with a quantum yield of luminescence of approximately 100%. Additionally, they possess high values of the effective atomic Zeff number. The photoelectric cross section is dependent on Zeff as (Zeff)5, while the magnitude of X-ray absorption is dependent on Zeff as (Zeff)4/(AE3), where A is the atomic mass of the substance absorbing the γ-quantum and E is the energy of the X-ray photon [5]. AIM: The aim of the study was to develop a technique for fabricating scintillators based on quantum dots and polymer matrices with a high degree of transparency, high temporal stability of luminescence quantum yield, and short luminescence decay times (time of illumination or average lifetime of the substance in the excited state) for gamma-ray registration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A HAMAMAMATSU R7400U-6 photomultiplier tube was employed to register scintillation signals. A 137Cs source with a γ-quantum energy of 661.7 keV was used as a source of ionizing radiation. RESULTS: At irradiation with γ-quanta of 137Cs isotope samples based on poly(para-methylstyrene) matrix cross-linked with divinylbenzene molecules (10% wt%), activated with naphthalene (10%, primary acceptor), anthracene (1%) and quantum dots/perovskite nanocrystals (0, 1–1.0%, re-emitter), the energy spectrum showed effective Compton scattering of gamma-quanta in matter on atoms included in quantum dots/perovskite nanocrystals. The study revealed that samples devoid of inorganic elements, including quantum dots and perovskite nanocrystals, do not exhibit the Compton effect for gamma-quanta. Furthermore, the paramethylstyrene matrix serves to safeguard perovskite nanocrystals from external influences. The photoluminescence quantum yield of bulk composite materials based on perovskite nanocrystals of the CsPbBr3 composition and poly(paramethylstyrene) remains constant over an extended period, with minimal fluctuations within the margin of error. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental evidence has demonstrated that quantum dots and perovskite nanocrystals encapsulated in various polymer matrices exhibit scintillator properties when subjected to ionizing radiation. The fabricated samples of perovskite nanocrystals/quantum dots and various polymers have been identified as the most promising candidates for use as scintillation material for the registration of X-ray and gamma radiation.
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基于量子点和聚合物基质的复合材料,用于下一代闪烁探测器的伽马辐射登记
背景:许多科研小组都在开发基于 CsPbBr3 组成的包晶结构荧光纳米晶体和 CdSe/ZnS 量子点的新型闪烁材料 [1-4]。这两种材料都具有出色的荧光团特性,发光量子产率约为 100%,因此在这方面具有很大的应用潜力。此外,它们还具有较高的有效原子泽夫数。光电截面与 Zeff 的关系为 (Zeff)5,而 X 射线吸收的大小与 Zeff 的关系为 (Zeff)4/(AE3),其中 A 是吸收 γ 量子的物质的原子质量,E 是 X 射线光子的能量 [5]。目的:本研究旨在开发一种基于量子点和聚合物基质的闪烁体制造技术,这种闪烁体具有高透明度、高发光量子产率时间稳定性和短发光衰减时间(照射时间或物质在激发态的平均寿命),可用于伽马射线登记。材料与方法:使用 HAMAMATSU R7400U-6 光电倍增管来记录闪烁信号。使用γ-量子能量为 661.7 千伏的 137Cs 源作为电离辐射源。结果:137Cs 同位素样品基于与二乙烯基苯分子(10% wt%)交联的聚(对甲苯乙烯)基体,用萘(10%,主受体)、蒽(1%)和量子点/过氧化物纳米晶体(0,1-1.0%,再发射器)激活,能谱显示物质中的伽马量子对量子点/高闪石纳米晶体中的原子产生了有效的康普顿散射。研究表明,不含无机元素的样品,包括量子点和透辉石纳米晶体,对伽马量子不表现出康普顿效应。此外,对甲基苯乙烯基质还能保护殒石纳米晶体不受外界影响。基于 CsPbBr3 组成的闪长岩纳米晶体和聚(对甲基苯乙烯)的块状复合材料的光致发光量子产率在较长时间内保持稳定,误差范围内的波动极小。结论:实验证明,封装在各种聚合物基质中的量子点和包闪石纳米晶体在电离辐射下具有闪烁特性。制作的闪烁体纳米晶体/量子点样品和各种聚合物已被确定为最有希望用作闪烁材料的候选材料,可用于登记 X 射线和伽马射线辐射。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
44
审稿时长
5 weeks
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