Review—Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors

Abstract

In this systematic review, all electrochemical glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) composites from 2001 to 2021 (n=6807) have been reviewed. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant, and unqualified papers, 184 articles were selected for data extraction. The operating data include working electrode, test solution, detection potential, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, response time, selectivity, enzyme coverage, Michaelis–Menten constants, and ambient condition (i.e. pH, temperature and humidity). In addition, the in vivo and in vitro media (including invasive and non-invasive detection) and the most repeated interferences have been specified. All of the CNTs-based hybrids for modifying working electrodes have been classified regarding the various components such as metallic species (elemental, oxide, alloy and complex), polymers and different electroactive species. The enzymeless and enzymatic biosensors as well as dual-enzyme electrodes using GOx, GDH, and HRP have also been categorized. Moreover, the different natural and artificial mediators and fixing agents, were determined.