First Report of Human Parainfluenza Viruses among Patients with Respiratory Symptoms in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

Background: This study was carried out to detect human Parainfluenza virus 'HPIV' RNA in patients with respiratory infections in Khartoum state in order to determine the circulating types of Parainfluenza virus 'in Khartoum state, Sudan. In addition, the study aimed to locally establish the diagnosis of parainfluenza virus using of RT-PCR. Methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state Hospitals during the period from January 2019 to February 2021. Nasopharyngeal swabs samples were collected from 149 patients with respiratory symptoms. Samples were processed for RNA extraction and virus isolation. Extracted RNA was subjected to RT-PCR for the detection of Parainfluenza virus RNA and to further determine Parainfluenza virus serotypes. Positive samples were inoculated in chicken embryonated egg to isolate the virus. Results: Out of 149 samples 13 samples (8.7%) were positive and 136 samples (91.3%) were negative for parainfluenza virus RNA using RT-PCR. Parainfluenza types 1 and 2 were not detected while parainfluenza-3 was detected in 8 sample (5.4%) and parainfluenza-4 was positive in 5 samples (3.4%). Among PIV RNA positive samples (n=13); no virus was isolated using embryonated eggs inoculation. Conclusion: Existence and incidence of human parainfluenza virus and its types in Sudan was documented through detection of Human PIV(HPIV) RNA in respiratory samples. Moreover, the HPIV detection using RT-PCR was established. Keywords: Human Parainfluenza, Serotypes, RT-PCR, Emberyonated egg.