Utilizing plant-based biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) to detect aflatoxin in peanut plants, pods, and kernels

IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101285
Daniel E. Sabo , Justin J. Pitts , Olga Kemenova , Christopher A. Heist , Benjamin Joffe , Xiaojuan (Judy) Song , William M. Hammond
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Abstract

Mycotoxins and particularly aflatoxin are a concern for peanut growers, processors, and consumers. Aflatoxins are responsible for approximately 25 % of liver cancer cases worldwide, while also costing millions of dollars in lost revenue on an annual basis. Current detection techniques based on high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) are time, labor and cost intensive. Peanut product can be held multiple days before testing is complete, costing processors additional revenue loss. Over the past few years, The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has been investigating the use of plant-based biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) for monitoring the status of peanut plants. Initially, GTRI utilized these bVOCs to monitor for heat/drought stress in peanut plants. They quickly saw very promising indications of the ability of bVOCs to monitor other parameters in these plants. More recently, the team has started to investigate the of use of bVOCs to monitor aflatoxin development in plants, pods, and kernels pre- and post-harvest. A field trial for detection of aflatoxin using bVOCs was conducted in August–September of 2020 where three test groups were prepared: plants treated with Aspergillus fungus; plants treated with Afla-Guard (biocontrol agent); plants not treated – acting as a control group. Plant-based bVOCs were collected from the plants before treatment, and once a week post treatment using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) devices or Twisters®. Each Twister® was then analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Pods from tested plants were harvested and sent to GTRI where bVOCs were collected and analyzed using GC/MS. Several statistical analysis and machine learning techniques were applied to all the collected GC/MS data. It was found using only bVOCs, that Random Forest classification performed well for the analysis of the pod and kernel samples with an F1 score of 0.80. On the other hand, Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) was only able to correctly classify 50 % of plant-based samples solely on bVOCs alone, which may be due to training models developed using original labels assuming no cross contamination at the field level. These results indicate the potential for bVOC screening for aflatoxin as an important way to lower impacts to growers, shellers, and consumers.

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利用植物性生物挥发性有机化合物 (bVOC) 检测花生植株、豆荚和果仁中的黄曲霉毒素
霉菌毒素,特别是黄曲霉毒素是花生种植者、加工商和消费者关注的问题。全世界约 25% 的肝癌病例是黄曲霉毒素造成的,同时每年还造成数百万美元的收入损失。目前基于高压液相色谱法(HPLC)的检测技术需要耗费大量时间、人力和成本。在检测完成之前,花生产品可能会滞留多日,从而给加工企业造成额外的收入损失。在过去几年中,佐治亚理工学院研究所(GTRI)一直在研究使用植物性生物挥发性有机化合物(bVOCs)来监测花生植物的状态。最初,GTRI 利用这些生物挥发性有机化合物来监测花生植物的热/干旱胁迫。他们很快就发现,bVOCs 能够监测这些植物的其他参数,而且前景非常广阔。最近,该团队开始研究如何使用 bVOCs 监测收获前后植物、豆荚和果核中黄曲霉毒素的发展情况。2020 年 8 月至 9 月期间,进行了一项利用 bVOCs 检测黄曲霉毒素的实地试验,准备了三个试验组:用曲霉菌处理过的植物;用 Afla-Guard(生物控制剂)处理过的植物;未处理过的植物--作为对照组。在处理前和处理后每周一次使用搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)装置或 Twisters® 从植物中收集植物性 bVOC。然后通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)对每个 Twister® 进行分析。测试植物的豆荚收获后被送往 GTRI,在那里收集 bVOCs 并使用 GC/MS 进行分析。对所有收集到的 GC/MS 数据应用了多种统计分析和机器学习技术。结果发现,仅使用 bVOCs,随机森林分类法在分析豆荚和果仁样本时表现良好,F1 得分为 0.80。另一方面,线性判别分析(LDA)仅能根据 bVOCs 对 50% 的植物样品进行正确分类,这可能是由于使用原始标签开发的训练模型假定在田间没有交叉污染。这些结果表明,黄曲霉毒素的 bVOC 筛查有可能成为降低对种植者、剥壳者和消费者影响的重要方法。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
2.60%
发文量
193
审稿时长
69 days
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