In Search of the Future of Inclusive Multilateralism: The WTO at a Crossroads

Abstract

This article explores the possible role that the World Trade Organization (WTO) could play to ensure a fair, non-discriminatory, open, transparent and development friendly multilateral landscape. Given its rules-based, consensus driven, and hard law nature, this is a tough task. Can flexible multilateralism work? If so, what form should it take? Are the Joint Initiatives a good example of a possible approach or should different pathways be developed to achieve a consensus on the concept of WTO reform first? The author argues that the term WTO reform bears no common meaning among its members. However, if true WTO reform is to be achieved, a differentiated approach to multilateralism is required. Given the nature and institutional structure of the WTO, this does not conceive of rulemaking by subsets of members advancing some agendas and leaving others behind. One caveat in this context is very clear, in agreeing to a comprehensive revision of the WTO, all issues should be on the table. The paper suggests a dedicated ministerial conference should be held on the future of the WTO to agree on reset 2.0. This pathway is accessible only if all WTO members explicitly agree on a comprehensive remake.