{"title":"Plausible mechanism of drug resistance and side-effects of COVID-19 therapeutics: a bottleneck for its eradication.","authors":"Swarnali Das, Sreyashi Nath, Shahjahan, Sanjay Kumar Dey","doi":"10.1007/s40199-024-00524-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 pandemic has turned our world upside down by meddling with our normal lives. While there is no definitive drug against SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs that are already in the market, are being repurposed against it, could now complete long-term as well as all age-specific investigations, and they are successful in saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, side-effects are emergingly seen in the patients undergoing treatment, and ineffectiveness is increasingly found due to the emerging notorious variants of the virus. Many of them are also facing serious co-infections including black fungus, Zika, and H1N1 virus to name a few.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therefore, this review highlights both drug resistance, their side-effects, and the significance for proper and long-term clinical trials of all age groups including children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have explored and proposed the mechanisms of drug resistance that may arise due to the misuse or overuse of drugs based on available experimental reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review provides solutions to the aforesaid issues of drug-resistance and side-effects by providing combination therapies, ancillary treatments, and other preventive strategies that can be useful in preventing drawbacks thereby curbing COVID-19 or similar future infections to maintain our normal lives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 and its long-term effects, if any, can be eradicated with strategic and mindful use of related therapeutics in a controlled manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":10888,"journal":{"name":"DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"801-823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554973/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-024-00524-z","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/19 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has turned our world upside down by meddling with our normal lives. While there is no definitive drug against SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs that are already in the market, are being repurposed against it, could now complete long-term as well as all age-specific investigations, and they are successful in saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, side-effects are emergingly seen in the patients undergoing treatment, and ineffectiveness is increasingly found due to the emerging notorious variants of the virus. Many of them are also facing serious co-infections including black fungus, Zika, and H1N1 virus to name a few.
Objectives: Therefore, this review highlights both drug resistance, their side-effects, and the significance for proper and long-term clinical trials of all age groups including children.
Methods: We have explored and proposed the mechanisms of drug resistance that may arise due to the misuse or overuse of drugs based on available experimental reports.
Results: The review provides solutions to the aforesaid issues of drug-resistance and side-effects by providing combination therapies, ancillary treatments, and other preventive strategies that can be useful in preventing drawbacks thereby curbing COVID-19 or similar future infections to maintain our normal lives.
Conclusion: COVID-19 and its long-term effects, if any, can be eradicated with strategic and mindful use of related therapeutics in a controlled manner.
期刊介绍:
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published on behalf of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The journal encompasses all fields of the pharmaceutical sciences and presents timely research on all areas of drug conception, design, manufacture, classification and assessment.
The term DARU is derived from the Persian name meaning drug or medicine. This journal is a unique platform to improve the knowledge of researchers and scientists by publishing novel articles including basic and clinical investigations from members of the global scientific community in the forms of original articles, systematic or narrative reviews, meta-analyses, letters, and short communications.