Plausible mechanism of drug resistance and side-effects of COVID-19 therapeutics: a bottleneck for its eradication.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-19 DOI:10.1007/s40199-024-00524-z
Swarnali Das, Sreyashi Nath, Shahjahan, Sanjay Kumar Dey
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Abstract

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has turned our world upside down by meddling with our normal lives. While there is no definitive drug against SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs that are already in the market, are being repurposed against it, could now complete long-term as well as all age-specific investigations, and they are successful in saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, side-effects are emergingly seen in the patients undergoing treatment, and ineffectiveness is increasingly found due to the emerging notorious variants of the virus. Many of them are also facing serious co-infections including black fungus, Zika, and H1N1 virus to name a few.

Objectives: Therefore, this review highlights both drug resistance, their side-effects, and the significance for proper and long-term clinical trials of all age groups including children.

Methods: We have explored and proposed the mechanisms of drug resistance that may arise due to the misuse or overuse of drugs based on available experimental reports.

Results: The review provides solutions to the aforesaid issues of drug-resistance and side-effects by providing combination therapies, ancillary treatments, and other preventive strategies that can be useful in preventing drawbacks thereby curbing COVID-19 or similar future infections to maintain our normal lives.

Conclusion: COVID-19 and its long-term effects, if any, can be eradicated with strategic and mindful use of related therapeutics in a controlled manner.

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COVID-19 疗法的抗药性和副作用的合理机制:根除该疾病的瓶颈。
背景介绍COVID-19 大流行扰乱了我们的正常生活,使我们的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。虽然目前还没有针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特效药物,但市场上已有的抗病毒药物正在被重新用于治疗 SARS-CoV-2,它们现在可以完成长期和所有特定年龄段的研究,并成功挽救了数百万人的生命。然而,在接受治疗的患者中,副作用不断出现,而且由于新出现的臭名昭著的病毒变种,无效的情况也越来越多。他们中的许多人还面临着严重的合并感染,包括黑木耳、寨卡病毒和 H1N1 病毒等等:因此,这篇综述强调了耐药性、其副作用以及对包括儿童在内的所有年龄组进行适当和长期临床试验的意义:方法:我们根据现有的实验报告,探讨并提出了滥用或过度使用药物可能导致的耐药性机制:结果:综述通过提供联合疗法、辅助治疗和其他预防策略,为上述耐药性和副作用问题提供了解决方案,这些策略可以有效预防弊端,从而遏制 COVID-19 或类似的未来感染,维持我们的正常生活:结论:通过有控制地战略性使用相关疗法,可以根除 COVID-19 及其长期影响(如果有的话)。
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DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
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期刊介绍: DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published on behalf of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The journal encompasses all fields of the pharmaceutical sciences and presents timely research on all areas of drug conception, design, manufacture, classification and assessment. The term DARU is derived from the Persian name meaning drug or medicine. This journal is a unique platform to improve the knowledge of researchers and scientists by publishing novel articles including basic and clinical investigations from members of the global scientific community in the forms of original articles, systematic or narrative reviews, meta-analyses, letters, and short communications.
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