Scab Intensity in Pecan Trees in Relation to Hedge-Pruning Methods.

IF 4.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant disease Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1094/PDIS-10-23-2247-RE
Clive H Bock, David I Shapiro-Ilan, Michael W Hotchkiss, Pedro F S Toledo, Lenny Wells, Jason M Schmidt, Cristina Pisani, Angelita L Acebes-Doria
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Abstract

Pecan is a valuable nut crop cultivated in the southeastern United States. Among the major yield-limiting factors in the region is scab, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Venturia effusa. Managing scab in tall trees (15 to 25+ m) in pecan orchards is challenging because of the limitations of getting sufficient spray coverage throughout the canopy. We explored the effects of hedge pruning on scab in three orchards: 14-m-tall cv. Desirable trees winter hedge pruned on alternate sides to 11 m (site 1), 18-m-tall cv. Stuart trees hedge pruned on both sides simultaneously to 11 m (site 2), and 15-m-tall cv. Caddo trees winter hedge pruned in winter versus summer to 11 m (site 3). At site 1 and 2, hedge-pruned trees were compared with nonpruned control trees. All trees received recommended fungicide applications to control scab via an air-blast sprayer. Disease incidence and/or severity was assessed at different sample heights on shoots, foliage, and fruit during three seasons (2020, 2021, and 2022). At site 1 the hedge-pruned trees often had significantly or numerically more severe scab on foliage and fruit compared with the control trees, although the differences were mostly small. The frequency of mature fruit with scab severity <10% was greatest on control trees in 2021 and 2022. At site 2, there were few differences between hedge-pruned and control trees (on fruit, scab severity was either significantly less on hedge-pruned trees or not different from the control), but the frequency of mature fruit with scab severity <10% was consistently greatest on hedge-pruned trees. At site 3, scab intensity was low, and there were no significant differences in scab severity between winter- and summer-pruning treatments. At sites 1 and 2, there was generally more severe scab at greater sample heights compared with low in the canopy. At site 3 there was little effect of height on disease. The benefit of hedge pruning likely increases with tree height in scab-susceptible cultivars. If a tree is taller than ∼15 m, a greater proportion of the fruit will be within reach of efficacious spray coverage from air-blast sprayers.

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山核桃树的疮痂病强度与树篱修剪方法的关系。
山核桃是美国东南部种植的一种珍贵坚果作物。该地区限制产量的主要因素之一是由植物致病真菌 Venturia effusa 引起的疮痂病。在山核桃果园中,管理高大树木(15 米至 25 米以上)的疮痂病具有挑战性,因为在整个树冠上进行充分的喷洒覆盖受到限制。我们在三个果园探索了树篱修剪对疮痂病的影响:14米高的品种我们对三个果园进行了树篱修剪对疮痂病的影响试验:14 米高的 cv. Desirable 果树冬季两侧交替修剪至 11 米(地点 1);18 米高的 cv.斯图尔特(Stuart)树,两侧同时修剪至 11 米(地点 2),15 米高的卡多(Caddo)树,两侧同时修剪至 11 米(地点 3)。15 米高的 Caddo 树冬季与夏季分别修剪成 11 米高(地点 3)。在第 1 和第 2 个地点,修剪过树篱的树木与未修剪的对照树木进行了比较。所有树木都使用了建议的杀菌剂,通过喷洒器控制疮痂病。在三个季节(2020 年、2021 年和 2022 年)中,在不同的取样高度对嫩枝、叶片和果实的病害发生率和/或严重程度进行了评估。与对照树相比,在 1 号试验点,经过绿篱修剪的树木叶片和果实上的疮痂病通常明显更严重或数量更多,但差异大多很小。成熟果实上疮痂病严重程度的频率约为 15 米高,更大比例的果实将在气雾喷洒器的有效喷洒覆盖范围内。
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来源期刊
Plant disease
Plant disease 农林科学-植物科学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.30%
发文量
1993
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. The journal publishes papers that describe basic and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management.
期刊最新文献
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