A Mantle–Plume Model for the Formation of the Zun-Kholba Orogenic Gold Deposit (Eastern Sayan, Russia): Mineralogical Results, Rb–Sr and 40Ar–39Ar Geochronological and Pb–Pb Isotope Studies
A. V. Chugaev, E. Yu. Anikina, N. S. Bortnikov, V. V. Aristov, A. V. Travin, D. B. Bondar, I. V. Rassokhin, T. I. Oleynikova
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Abstract
The large Zun-Kholba deposit, relating to a numerous group of orogenic-type gold deposits, is in the Eastern Sayan (Russia)—a segment of the Altai-Sayan fold system of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The paper discusses the results of mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological, and Pb-isotopic studies of gold mineralization; the purpose was to verify the genetic model of the deposit. Mineralogical and geochemical data obtained for ore bodies located between hypsometric levels from 1290 to 2090 m indicate a complex distribution of mineral associations at the deposit. There is no vertical and horizontal zonation in the distribution of mineral associations, in the chemical composition of the main ore minerals, as well as in the content of impurity elements in them. In dating ore-forming processes at the Zun-Kholba deposit, a comprehensive approach based on the study of K–Ar and Rb–Sr isotope systems of metasomatites was applied. The combination of Rb–Sr and 40Ar–39Ar methods allowed us to determine that the age of gold mineralization is 411 ± 2 Ma, while the age of the superimposed event, which is associated with redistribution of ore, as well as disturbance of the Rb–Sr and K–Ar isotopic systems of metasomatites, is about 380 Ma. Pb–Pb isotopic study of ore mineralization at the deposit and host Precambrian rocks allowed to prove the leading contribution of the latter in ore lead supply to the mineral-forming system. The model of formation of the Zun-Kholba orogenic gold deposit assumes a genetic relationship between ore-forming processes and intraplate alkaline mafic magmatism due to the impact of the plume in the Early Devonian time on the lithosphere of the Tuva-Mongolian terrane.
期刊介绍：
Geology of Ore Deposits is a periodical covering the topic of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits, their formation conditions, and spatial and temporal distribution. The journal publishes original scientific articles and reviews on a wide range of problems in theoretical and applied geology. The journal focuses on the following problems: deep geological structure and geodynamic environment of ore formation; distribution pattern of metallogenic zones and mineral deposits; geology and formation environment of large and unique metallic and nonmetallic deposits; mineralogy of metallic and nonmetallic deposits; physicochemical and isotopic characteristics and geochemical environment of ore deposition; evolution of ore-forming systems; radiogeology and radioecology, economic problems in exploring, developing, and mining of ore commodities.
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