Kyra Diehl, Elise Krippaehne, Marine Minasyan, Marian Banh, Sara Yumeen, Fatima N Mirza, Karim Hajjar, Justin Ng, Nejma Wais, Anabel Goulding, Ivin Yu, Marissa D Tran, Akber Sheikh, Cassandra Lai, Niyati Panchal, Alice Kesler, Shelbie Serad, Justice Brown, Ariya Lippincott, Guixing Wei, Terrence Vance, Oliver J Wisco
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Understanding the genetic adaptations that occurred as humans migrated out of Africa to higher latitudes helps explain on a population-wide level how UV radiation (UVR) exposure will have varying consequences and benefits in patients of different skin pigmentations. It has been hypothesized that the need for efficient vitamin D synthesis was the primary driver for the skin-lightening process that evolutionarily occurred as humans migrated to higher latitudes. This review analyzes the level of support for the hypothesis that skin lightening occurred to enable adequate vitamin D synthesis in populations that migrated to areas with less UVR. Our literature search supported the hypothesis that through natural selection and intricate genetic adaptations, humans who migrated to areas with lower levels of UVR underwent a skin-lightening process to avoid the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Our review includes an analysis of migration patterns out of Africa and how these affected pigmentation genes that are found in certain ethnic populations can be used to better understand this critical adaptation process when counseling patients on the need for sun protection.
了解人类从非洲迁徙到更高纬度地区时发生的基因适应性,有助于从整体上解释紫外线辐射(UVR)照射如何对不同皮肤色素沉着的患者产生不同的后果和益处。有一种假设认为,随着人类向高纬度地区迁移,高效合成维生素 D 的需求是皮肤美白过程的主要驱动力。本综述分析了对这一假设的支持程度,即迁移到紫外线照射较少地区的人群出现皮肤变白是为了能够合成足够的维生素 D。我们的文献检索支持这样的假设,即通过自然选择和复杂的基因适应,迁移到紫外线辐射较低地区的人类经历了一个皮肤变白的过程,以避免维生素 D 缺乏的后果。我们的综述包括对非洲移民模式的分析,以及在向患者提供防晒咨询时,如何利用在某些种族人群中发现的这些受影响的色素沉着基因来更好地理解这一关键的适应过程。
期刊介绍:
Published since 1965, Cutis is a peer-reviewed clinical journal for the dermatologist, allergist, and general practitioner. The journal is published monthly and focuses on concise clinical articles that present the practical side of dermatology. Referenced in Index Medicus/MEDLINE, it is respected and enjoyed by both specialists and derm-active generalists, enabling its readers to get what they need quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, Cutis is read by more physicians actively involved in the day-to-day treatment of dermatologic conditions than any other dermatology publication. Covering a broad range of pertinent and timely topics, Cutis is written and edited by industry leaders. For information on article submissions, please see our Information for Authors.