Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Bilingualism, Age, Gender, and Family Income on Executive Function Development in a Sample of Lebanese School-Aged Children.
Vanessa Ginette Tayar, Joelle Saad, Walaa G El Sheikh, Cynthia Roukoz
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study investigates executive functions (EFs) and selected developmental factors in 120 children aged 6-11 years. By examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, the research evaluates the potential influences of age, gender, bilingualism, and family income on these EF skills. Tests adapted to Lebanese Arabic were used to assess EFs. Results indicate a linear development of inhibition, working memory, and flexibility with age. Gender differences were observed, affecting verbal and visuospatial working memory as well as flexibility. Bilingualism positively impacts EFs, with early bilinguals outperforming late bilinguals. Family income, however, shows no significant effect on EFs.
本研究调查了 120 名 6-11 岁儿童的执行功能（EFs）和选定的发展因素。通过考察抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性，研究评估了年龄、性别、双语能力和家庭收入对这些执行功能的潜在影响。研究使用了根据黎巴嫩阿拉伯语改编的测试来评估 EF。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，抑制能力、工作记忆和灵活性呈线性发展。性别差异对言语和视觉空间工作记忆以及灵活性都有影响。双语对 EF 有积极影响，早期双语者的表现优于晚期双语者。然而，家庭收入对 EF 没有显著影响。
期刊介绍：
Devoted to exploring relationships between brain and behavior across the life span, Developmental Neuropsychology publishes scholarly papers on the appearance and development of behavioral functions, such as language, perception, and social, motivational and cognitive processes as they relate to brain functions and structures. Appropriate subjects include studies of changes in cognitive function—brain structure relationships across a time period, early cognitive behaviors in normal and brain-damaged children, plasticity and recovery of function after early brain damage, the development of complex cognitive and motor skills, and specific and nonspecific disturbances, such as learning disabilities, mental retardation, schizophrenia, stuttering, and developmental aphasia. In the gerontologic areas, relevant subjects include neuropsychological analyses of normal age-related changes in brain and behavioral functions, such as sensory, motor, cognitive, and adaptive abilities; studies of age-related diseases of the nervous system; and recovery of function in later life.
Empirical studies, research reviews, case reports, critical commentaries, and book reviews are featured in each issue. By publishing both basic and clinical studies of the developing and aging brain, the journal encourages additional scholarly work that advances understanding of the field of lifespan developmental neuropsychology.
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