Age-dependent changes in skin features and perceived facial appearance in women of five ethnic groups

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY International Journal of Cosmetic Science Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1111/ics.13003

Bernhard Fink, Remo Campiche, Todd K. Shackelford, Rainer Voegeli

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Abstract

Objective

Research documents effects of skin features on assessments of age, health and attractiveness of female faces. Ethnic variation also has been reported for the impact of age-related changes in skin features on face assessments. Here, we investigate women's self-ratings across age cohorts and ethnic groups and discrepancies with (non-expert) assessor ratings of facial appearance together with age-dependent changes in skin features.

Methods

Faces of women 20–65 years from five ethnic groups (each n = 36) were imaged. Participants provided self-ratings of age, health and attractiveness, and were judged on these attributes by members of the same ethnic group (each n = 120). Digital image analysis was used to quantify skin gloss, tone evenness, wrinkling and sagging. Age-dependent changes in ratings and skin features within and between ethnic groups were assessed by comparing information from 10-year cohorts. We also tested whether menopausal status could be predicted by self-ratings, assessor ratings and image-based skin features.

Results

Women of all ethnic groups judged themselves younger and higher in attractiveness and health compared to third-party assessors, with the largest discrepancies for age in French women and for attractiveness and health in South African women. In Indian and South African women, specular gloss and skin tone evenness were lower compared to other participants, and sagging was higher in Indian, Japanese and South African women compared to Chinese and French women. Women's menopausal status could be predicted from assessor ratings and image-based skin features but not from self-ratings.

Conclusion

There are differences between women's self-ratings and assessor ratings of facial appearance. These discrepancies vary with female age and ethnicity. Age and ethnicity effects also are evident in age-dependent changes in skin features within and across ethnic groups, which together with assessor (but not self-) ratings of facial appearance predict menopausal status.

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五个种族妇女的皮肤特征和感知面部外观随年龄的变化。

目的研究记录了皮肤特征对女性面部年龄、健康和吸引力评估的影响。在与年龄相关的皮肤特征变化对面部评估的影响方面，也有种族差异的报道。在此，我们调查了不同年龄组和不同种族的女性对面部外观的自我评价，以及与（非专业）评估者对面部外观的评价之间的差异，以及与年龄相关的皮肤特征变化：对来自五个种族群体的 20-65 岁女性（每个种族群体 n = 36）的面部进行成像。参与者对年龄、健康状况和吸引力进行自我评分，并由同一种族群体的成员（每组 n = 120）对这些属性进行评判。数字图像分析用于量化皮肤光泽度、肤色均匀度、皱纹和松弛程度。通过比较 10 年队列中的信息，评估了种族群体内部和种族群体之间随年龄变化的评分和皮肤特征。我们还测试了更年期状况是否可以通过自我评分、评估者评分和基于图像的皮肤特征来预测：结果：与第三方评估者相比，所有种族群体的女性都认为自己更年轻，在吸引力和健康方面更高，其中法国女性在年龄方面的差异最大，南非女性在吸引力和健康方面的差异最大。与其他参与者相比，印度和南非妇女的镜面光泽度和肤色均匀度较低，与中国和法国妇女相比，印度、日本和南非妇女的皮肤松弛程度较高。妇女的更年期状况可以从评估者的评分和基于图像的皮肤特征中预测出来，但不能从自我评分中预测出来：结论：女性对面部外观的自我评分和评估者评分之间存在差异。这些差异随女性年龄和种族的不同而变化。年龄和种族的影响还表现在种族群体内部和种族群体之间皮肤特征随年龄而发生的变化，这些变化与面部外观的评估者（而非自我）评分一起预测了更年期状况。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Cosmetic Science DERMATOLOGY-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

4.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal publishes original refereed papers, review papers and correspondence in the fields of cosmetic research. It is read by practising cosmetic scientists and dermatologists, as well as specialists in more diverse disciplines that are developing new products which contact the skin, hair, nails or mucous membranes. The aim of the Journal is to present current scientific research, both pure and applied, in: cosmetics, toiletries, perfumery and allied fields. Areas that are of particular interest include: studies in skin physiology and interactions with cosmetic ingredients, innovation in claim substantiation methods (in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo), human and in vitro safety testing of cosmetic ingredients and products, physical chemistry and technology of emulsion and dispersed systems, theory and application of surfactants, new developments in olfactive research, aerosol technology and selected aspects of analytical chemistry.