Livestock-associated spatial risk factors for human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1111/zph.13170

Annemieke Christine Mulder, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Jan van de Kassteele, Sara Lynn Blanken, Roan Pijnacker, Eelco Franz

{"title":"Livestock-associated spatial risk factors for human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis","authors":"Annemieke Christine Mulder, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Jan van de Kassteele, Sara Lynn Blanken, Roan Pijnacker, Eelco Franz","doi":"10.1111/zph.13170","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aims</h3>\n \n <p>Most human infections with non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) or <i>Campylobacter</i> are zoonotic in nature and acquired though consumption of contaminated food of mainly animal origin. However, individuals may also acquire salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis through non-foodborne transmission pathways, such as those mediated by the environment. This emphasizes the need to consider both direct and indirect exposure to livestock sources as a possible transmission route for NTS and <i>Campylobacter</i>. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing whether salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis incidence is spatially associated with exposure to livestock (i.e. small ruminants, dairy cows, veal calves, laying hens, broiler chickens and pigs) in the Netherlands for the years 2007–2019 and 2014–2019 respectively.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\n \n <p>Risk factors (population-weighted number of animals) and their population attributable fractions were determined using a Poisson regression model with a log-link function fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximation. The analyses were performed for different hexagonal sizes (90, 50, 25 and 10 km<sup>2</sup>) and accounted for geographical coverage of the diagnostic laboratory catchment areas. Moreover, serological data were used to look into the possible effects of acquired immunity due to repeated exposure to the pathogen through the environment that would potentially hinder the analyses based on the incidence of reported cases. A linear mixed-effects model was then fitted where the postal code areas were included as a random effect. Livestock was not consistently significantly associated with acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis in the Netherlands.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Results showed that living in livestock-rich areas in the Netherlands is not a consistently significant, spatially restricted risk factor for acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis, thereby supporting current knowledge that human infections with <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> are mainly foodborne.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 8","pages":"876-899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13170","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Zoonoses and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.13170","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

Most human infections with non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) or Campylobacter are zoonotic in nature and acquired though consumption of contaminated food of mainly animal origin. However, individuals may also acquire salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis through non-foodborne transmission pathways, such as those mediated by the environment. This emphasizes the need to consider both direct and indirect exposure to livestock sources as a possible transmission route for NTS and Campylobacter. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing whether salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis incidence is spatially associated with exposure to livestock (i.e. small ruminants, dairy cows, veal calves, laying hens, broiler chickens and pigs) in the Netherlands for the years 2007–2019 and 2014–2019 respectively.

Methods and Results

Risk factors (population-weighted number of animals) and their population attributable fractions were determined using a Poisson regression model with a log-link function fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximation. The analyses were performed for different hexagonal sizes (90, 50, 25 and 10 km²) and accounted for geographical coverage of the diagnostic laboratory catchment areas. Moreover, serological data were used to look into the possible effects of acquired immunity due to repeated exposure to the pathogen through the environment that would potentially hinder the analyses based on the incidence of reported cases. A linear mixed-effects model was then fitted where the postal code areas were included as a random effect. Livestock was not consistently significantly associated with acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis in the Netherlands.

Conclusions

Results showed that living in livestock-rich areas in the Netherlands is not a consistently significant, spatially restricted risk factor for acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis, thereby supporting current knowledge that human infections with Salmonella and Campylobacter are mainly foodborne.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

人类沙门氏菌病和弯曲杆菌病与家畜相关的空间风险因素。

目的：人类感染非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）或弯曲杆菌大多属于人畜共患病，主要是通过食用受污染的动物源性食物而感染。不过，个人也可能通过非食物传播途径（如环境传播）感染沙门氏菌病或弯曲杆菌病。因此，有必要将直接和间接接触家畜作为 NTS 和弯曲菌的可能传播途径。因此，本研究旨在评估 2007-2019 年和 2014-2019 年荷兰沙门氏菌病和弯曲杆菌病的发病率是否分别与接触家畜（即小反刍动物、奶牛、小牛犊、蛋鸡、肉鸡和猪）有关：使用泊松回归模型确定风险因素（种群加权动物数量）及其种群归因分数，该模型使用集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似法拟合对数链接函数。分析针对不同的六边形大小（90、50、25 和 10 平方公里）进行，并考虑了诊断实验室集水区的地理覆盖范围。此外，还使用血清学数据来研究通过环境反复接触病原体而获得的免疫力可能产生的影响，这种影响可能会妨碍根据报告病例的发病率进行分析。然后拟合了一个线性混合效应模型，将邮政编码地区作为随机效应。在荷兰，家畜与感染沙门氏菌病或弯曲杆菌病的关系并不明显：结果表明，在荷兰，居住在牲畜丰富的地区并不是感染沙门氏菌病或弯曲杆菌病的一个持续显著的、空间受限的风险因素，从而支持了目前关于人类感染沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌主要是通过食物传播的观点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.