Spatial patterns of Mental Health Act apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, 2014-2022.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.17269/s41997-024-00912-7
Amber Gillespie, Jillian Stringer, Olaf Berke
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Abstract

Objectives: This research examines the temporal rates and spatial patterns of police-involved Mental Health Act (MHA) apprehensions in Toronto, Canada, from 2014 to 2022. Building from the work of Toronto Police Services (TPS), the goal of this research is to deepen our understanding of MHA apprehensions and provide insights which may be used to guide local mental health reform efforts.

Methods: Using data collected by TPS, an exploratory, descriptive analysis of spatial patterns of MHA apprehension events between 2014 and 2022 at the neighbourhood level was conducted. To identify high-rate clusters, we used a discrete Poisson model in SaTScan, with a circular moving window. Primary and secondary clusters with a relative risk of 1.5 or greater are reported.

Results: From 2014 to 2022, 93,932 MHA apprehensions occurred in Toronto. Apprehension rates were found to vary substantially between neighbourhoods, with approximately 91% of Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods experiencing a net positive increase in rates during the study period after adjusting for population growth. Repeated spatial cluster analysis for each year revealed a range of 4 to 7 clusters annually, with the downtown core consistently emerging as an area of elevated risk (RR range 1.58-1.99).

Conclusion: Rising MHA apprehensions within Toronto highlight the pressing need to confront the city's intensifying mental health needs. These findings offer valuable insights into the patterns and nature of police-involved MHA apprehensions, outline reproducible analysis methods that can be used by others, and support targeted evaluation, expansion, and implementation of downstream initiatives to improve mental health responses.

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2014-2022 年加拿大多伦多《精神健康法案》逮捕的空间模式。
研究目的本研究探讨了从 2014 年到 2022 年加拿大多伦多由警方参与的《精神健康法案》(MHA)逮捕的时间比率和空间模式。在多伦多警察局(TPS)工作的基础上,本研究的目标是加深我们对《精神健康法》逮捕情况的了解,并提供可用于指导当地精神健康改革工作的见解:利用多伦多警察局收集的数据,对 2014 年至 2022 年间在社区层面发生的精神健康问题逮捕事件的空间模式进行了探索性描述分析。为了识别高发集群,我们在 SaTScan 中使用了离散泊松模型,并设置了一个圆形移动窗口。报告了相对风险为 1.5 或更高的一级和二级群组:从 2014 年到 2022 年,多伦多共发生 93,932 起 MHA 逮捕事件。研究发现,不同街区的逮捕率差异很大,在研究期间,多伦多 140 个街区中约有 91% 的街区在调整人口增长因素后,逮捕率出现了净正增长。每年重复进行的空间聚类分析显示,每年有 4 到 7 个聚类,市中心核心区一直是风险较高的地区(RR 范围为 1.58-1.99):结论:多伦多市内不断上升的精神健康风险凸显了应对该市日益增长的精神健康需求的迫切性。这些研究结果为了解警方介入的精神健康问题逮捕的模式和性质提供了有价值的见解,概述了可供他人使用的可重复的分析方法,并支持有针对性的评估、扩展和实施下游措施,以改善精神健康应对措施。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique
Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
4.70%
发文量
128
期刊介绍: The Canadian Journal of Public Health is dedicated to fostering excellence in public health research, scholarship, policy and practice. The aim of the Journal is to advance public health research and practice in Canada and around the world, thus contributing to the improvement of the health of populations and the reduction of health inequalities. CJPH publishes original research and scholarly articles submitted in either English or French that are relevant to population and public health. CJPH is an independent, peer-reviewed journal owned by the Canadian Public Health Association and published by Springer.   Énoncé de mission La Revue canadienne de santé publique se consacre à promouvoir l’excellence dans la recherche, les travaux d’érudition, les politiques et les pratiques de santé publique. Son but est de faire progresser la recherche et les pratiques de santé publique au Canada et dans le monde, contribuant ainsi à l’amélioration de la santé des populations et à la réduction des inégalités de santé. La RCSP publie des articles savants et des travaux inédits, soumis en anglais ou en français, qui sont d’intérêt pour la santé publique et des populations. La RCSP est une revue indépendante avec comité de lecture, propriété de l’Association canadienne de santé publique et publiée par Springer.
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