Preparation and characterization of conductive and multi-network nanocomposite hydrogels as potential scaffolds for electroactive tissues

Abstract

Electroactive scaffolds are increasingly used to mimic the microenvironment of electroactive tissues such as the heart and nerves. Multi-network hydrogels have emerged as an important platform in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, alginate (Alg)-based conductive and multi-network nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared and characterized as promising scaffolds for electroactive tissues. Alg, which is derived from natural sources, was modified with methacrylate (AlgMA) to render it photosensitive (photoactive). Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chosen as potential nanomaterials for electrical conductivity. MWCNTs were modified with –COOH groups to produce MWCNT–COOH nanomaterials. Nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by incorporating 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0 wt% of MWCNT–COOH into the AlgMA network. The hydrogel scaffolds were assessed for their chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, and biological characteristics. This study demonstrated that incorporating modified MWCNTs into an AlgMA network enhances its electrical activity. According to our results, good rheological properties, natural tissue-like mechanical properties, optimal electrical conductivity, and biological performance make AlgMA/MWCNT–COOH multi-network nanocomposite hydrogels crucial in the field of electroactive tissues.