Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY Current Treatment Options in Oncology Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI:10.1007/s11864-024-01243-y

Shiwei Yue, Yunpu Zhang, Wei Zhang

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Abstract

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies that arise from the epithelium of the biliary tract. Most patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. For patients with unresectable BTC, the survival advantage provided by systemic chemotherapy was limited. Over the last decade, immunotherapy has significantly improved the therapeutic landscape of solid tumors. There is an increasing number of studies evaluating the application of immunotherapy in BTC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. The limited response to ICIs monotherapy in unselected patients prompted investigators to explore different combination therapy strategies. Early clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccination and adoptive cell therapy have shown encouraging clinical results. However, there still has been a long way to go via validation of therapeutic efficacy and exploration of strategies to increase the efficacy. Identifying biomarkers that predict the response to immunotherapy will allow a more accurate selection of candidates. This review will provide an up-to-date overview of the current clinical data on the role of immunotherapy, summarize the promising biomarkers predictive of the response to ICIs and discuss the perspective for future research direction of immunotherapy in advanced BTC.

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晚期胆道癌免疫疗法的最新进展

胆道癌（BTC）是一类异质性的侵袭性恶性肿瘤，由胆道上皮细胞引起。大多数患者在确诊时已是局部晚期或转移性疾病。对于无法切除的 BTC 患者，全身化疗带来的生存优势有限。在过去十年中，免疫疗法大大改善了实体瘤的治疗前景。越来越多的研究评估了免疫疗法在 BTC 中的应用，包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）、癌症疫苗和收养细胞疗法。未经筛选的患者对 ICIs 单一疗法的反应有限，这促使研究人员探索不同的联合治疗策略。治疗性癌症疫苗接种和收养细胞疗法的早期临床试验显示出令人鼓舞的临床结果。然而，在验证疗效和探索提高疗效的策略方面还有很长的路要走。找出能预测免疫疗法反应的生物标志物将有助于更准确地选择候选药物。本综述将提供有关免疫疗法作用的最新临床数据概览，总结预测对 ICIs 反应的有希望的生物标志物，并探讨免疫疗法在晚期 BTC 中的未来研究方向。

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来源期刊

Current Treatment Options in Oncology ONCOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

113

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： This journal aims to review the most important, recently published treatment option advances in the field of oncology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to facilitate worldwide approaches to cancer treatment. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as endocrine tumors, lymphomas, neuro-oncology, and cancers of the breast, head and neck, lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary region. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known oncologists, and an international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.

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