Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Climate of The Past Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.5194/cp-20-1627-2024
Dominique K. L. L. Jenny, Tammo Reichgelt, Charlotte L. O'Brien, Xiaoqing Liu, Peter K. Bijl, Matthew Huber, Appy Sluijs
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Abstract

Abstract. The Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Ma) had warm climates with flattened meridional temperature gradients, while Antarctica retained a significant cryosphere. These may pose imperfect analogues to distant future climate states with unipolar icehouse conditions. Although local and regional climate and environmental reconstructions of Oligocene conditions are available, the community lacks synthesis of regional reconstructions. To provide a comprehensive overview of marine and terrestrial climate and environmental conditions in the Oligocene, and a reconstruction of trends through time, we review marine and terrestrial proxy records and compare these to numerical climate model simulations of the Oligocene. Results, based on the present relatively sparse data, suggest temperatures around the Equator that are similar to modern temperatures. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) show patterns similar to land temperatures, with warm conditions at mid- and high latitudes (∼60–90°), especially in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Vegetation-based precipitation reconstructions of the Oligocene suggest regionally drier conditions compared to modern times around the Equator. When compared to proxy data, climate model simulations overestimate Oligocene precipitation in most areas, particularly the tropics. Temperatures around the mid- to high latitudes are generally underestimated in models compared to proxy data and tend to overestimate the warming in the tropics. In line with previous proxy-to-model comparisons, we find that models underestimate polar amplification and overestimate the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient suggested from the available proxy data. This further stresses the urgency of solving this widely recorded problem for past warm climates, such as the Oligocene.
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渐新世温暖的单极 "冰室 "中的气候变异、热量分布和极地放大作用
摘要渐新世(33.9-23.03 Ma)气候温暖,经向温度梯度平坦,而南极洲则保留了大量的冰冻圈。这些可能与未来遥远的单极冰室气候状态构成不完美的类比。虽然可以对当地和区域的气候和环境进行重建,但缺乏对区域重建的综合研究。为了全面概述渐新世的海洋和陆地气候与环境状况,并重建不同时期的趋势,我们回顾了海洋和陆地代用记录,并将这些记录与渐新世的数值气候模式模拟进行了比较。根据目前相对稀少的数据得出的结果表明,赤道附近的温度与现代温度相似。海面温度(SSTs)显示出与陆地温度相似的模式,中高纬度(60-90°),尤其是南半球(SH)的温度较高。基于植被的渐新世降水重建表明,与现代相比,赤道附近地区的气候条件更为干燥。与代用数据相比,气候模式模拟高估了大部分地区,尤其是热带地区的上新世降水量。与代用数据相比,模型普遍低估了中高纬度地区的温度,并倾向于高估热带地区的变暖。与之前的近地与模式比较结果一致,我们发现模式低估了极地的放大效应,高估了现有代用数据所显示的赤道到极地的温度梯度。这进一步强调了解决这一在过去温暖气候(如渐新世)中被广泛记录的问题的紧迫性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Climate of The Past
Climate of The Past 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
14.00%
发文量
120
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Climate of the Past (CP) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on the climate history of the Earth. CP covers all temporal scales of climate change and variability, from geological time through to multidecadal studies of the last century. Studies focusing mainly on present and future climate are not within scope. The main subject areas are the following: reconstructions of past climate based on instrumental and historical data as well as proxy data from marine and terrestrial (including ice) archives; development and validation of new proxies, improvements of the precision and accuracy of proxy data; theoretical and empirical studies of processes in and feedback mechanisms between all climate system components in relation to past climate change on all space scales and timescales; simulation of past climate and model-based interpretation of palaeoclimate data for a better understanding of present and future climate variability and climate change.
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