Potato Leaf Disease Classification Using Optimized Machine Learning Models and Feature Selection Techniques

Abstract

The diseases that particularly affect potato leaves are early blight and the late blight, and they are dangerous as they reduce yield and quality of the potatoes. In this paper, different machine learning (ML) models for predicting these diseases are analysed based on a detailed database of more than 4000 records of weather conditions. Some of the critical factors that have been investigated to determine correlations with disease prevalence include temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. These types of data relationships were comprehensively identified through sophisticated means of analysis such as K-means clustering, PCA, and copula analysis. To achieve this, several machine learning models were used in the study: logistic regression, gradient boosting, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM), as well as K-nearest neighbor (KNN) models both with and without feature selection. Feature selection methods such as the binary Greylag Goose Optimization (bGGO) were applied to improve the predictive performance of the models by identifying feature sets pertinent to the models. Results demonstrated that the MLP model, with feature selection, achieved an accuracy of 98.3%, underscoring the critical role of feature selection in improving model performance. These findings highlight the importance of optimized ML models in proactive agricultural disease management, aiming to minimize crop loss and promote sustainable farming practices.