Effects of States' Methods for Estimating Nonfatal Overdose, United States, 2021.

IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Public Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI:10.1177/00333549241263526
Christian E Johnson, David R Holtgrave, Megan Catlin, Rahul Gupta
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Abstract

Objective: Previous nonfatal overdose is a key risk factor for drug overdose death; however, current nonfatal overdose surveillance is limited to people who receive medical attention. We identified states that tracked nonfatal overdoses treated in prehospital and hospital care settings, assessed the effects of different surveillance methods on the magnitude of nonfatal overdose estimates, and estimated states' nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratio.

Methods: Two analysts independently reviewed state websites to characterize states' methods of capturing nonfatal overdose events from December 2022 through February 2023. We collected information on surveillance methods in 5 states that met the inclusion criteria, including data source, measure specification, drug(s) involved, and whether states performed deduplication or published mutually exclusive measure specifications to capture unique events across care settings. We calculated nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratios to assess the effects of different data sources on estimates of nonfatal overdoses.

Results: Illinois, Maine, North Carolina, and West Virginia used syndromic surveillance data and New Jersey used hospital discharge data to track nonfatal overdose-related emergency department visits. Illinois and West Virginia tracked nonfatal overdose-related encounters with emergency medical services. Other states tracked opioid overdoses reversed following naloxone administration by emergency medical services, law enforcement, and community members. Maine, New Jersey, and West Virginia published nonfatal overdose information by using mutually exclusive measure specifications; the number of nonfatal overdoses per fatal overdose in these states ranged from approximately 5:1 to 14:1.

Practice implications: Establishing a standard framework to combine data from existing national surveillance systems in prehospital and hospital care settings can improve nonfatal overdose estimates and enable comparisons between jurisdictions to help decision makers identify areas most in need of essential services.

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各州估算非致命过量用药方法的影响,美国,2021 年。
目的:既往非致命性用药过量是用药过量致死的一个关键风险因素;然而,目前对非致命性用药过量的监控仅限于接受医疗护理的人群。我们确定了对在院前和医院护理环境中接受治疗的非致命性用药过量进行追踪的州,评估了不同监测方法对非致命性用药过量估计值的影响,并估算了各州的非致命性用药过量与致命性用药过量之比:两位分析师独立审查了各州网站,以了解各州在 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 2 月期间捕获非致命性用药过量事件的方法。我们收集了符合纳入标准的 5 个州的监控方法信息,包括数据来源、测量规范、涉及的药物,以及各州是否进行了重复数据删除或发布了互斥的测量规范,以捕捉不同护理环境中的独特事件。我们计算了非致命性用药过量与致命性用药过量的比率,以评估不同数据来源对非致命性用药过量估计值的影响:结果:伊利诺伊州、缅因州、北卡罗来纳州和西弗吉尼亚州使用了症候群监测数据,新泽西州则使用了医院出院数据来追踪非致命性用药过量相关的急诊就诊情况。伊利诺伊州和西弗吉尼亚州追踪了非致命性用药过量相关的急诊就诊情况。其他州则追踪了在急救医疗服务、执法部门和社区成员施用纳洛酮后阿片类药物过量的逆转情况。缅因州、新泽西州和西弗吉尼亚州通过使用相互排斥的测量规格公布了非致命性用药过量信息;在这些州,每例致命性用药过量中的非致命性用药过量数量约为 5:1 到 14:1:建立一个标准框架,将院前和医院护理环境中现有的国家监控系统中的数据结合起来,可以提高非致命性用药过量的估计值,并实现辖区之间的比较,帮助决策者确定最需要基本服务的地区。
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来源期刊
Public Health Reports
Public Health Reports 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
6.10%
发文量
164
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Public Health Reports is the official journal of the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service and has been published since 1878. It is published bimonthly, plus supplement issues, through an official agreement with the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes original research and commentaries in the areas of public health practice and methodology, original research, public health law, and public health schools and teaching. Issues contain regular commentaries by the U.S. Surgeon General and executives of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health. The journal focuses upon such topics as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, health disparities, and many other key and emerging public health issues. In addition to the six regular issues, PHR produces supplemental issues approximately 2-5 times per year which focus on specific topics that are of particular interest to our readership. The journal''s contributors are on the front line of public health and they present their work in a readable and accessible format.
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