The impact of gut microbiota on morbidities in preterm infants.

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI:10.1002/kjm2.12878
Mei-Yin Lai, Yin-Hsi Chang, Chien-Chung Lee
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Abstract

The gut microbiota undergoes substantial development from birth, and its development in the initial years of life has a potentially lifelong effect on the health of the individual. However, various factors can disrupt the development of the gut microbiota, leading to a condition known as dysbiosis, particularly in preterm infants. Current studies involving adults have suggested that the gut microbiota not only influences the gut but also has multidimensional effects on remote organs; these pathways are often referred to as the gut-organ axis. Imbalance of the gut microbiota may lead to the development of multiple diseases. Recent studies have revealed that gut dysbiosis in preterm infants may cause several acute morbidities-such as necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity-and it may also influence long-term outcomes including neurodevelopment and somatic growth. This review mainly presents the existing evidence regarding the relationships between the gut microbiota and these morbidities in preterm infants and explores the role of the gut-organ axis in these morbidities. This paper thus offers insights into the future perspectives on microbiota interventions for promoting the health of preterm infants.

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肠道微生物群对早产儿发病率的影响。
肠道微生物群从出生开始就经历了巨大的发展,其在生命最初几年的发展可能会对个体的健康产生终生影响。然而,各种因素会破坏肠道微生物群的发育,导致一种被称为菌群失调的疾病,尤其是在早产儿中。目前涉及成人的研究表明,肠道微生物群不仅会影响肠道,还会对远处的器官产生多方面的影响;这些途径通常被称为肠道器官轴。肠道微生物群失衡可能导致多种疾病的发生。最近的研究发现,早产儿肠道菌群失调可能会导致多种急性疾病,如坏死性小肠结肠炎、晚发败血症、支气管肺发育不良和早产儿视网膜病变,而且还可能影响神经发育和躯体生长等长期结果。本综述主要介绍了有关早产儿肠道微生物群与这些疾病之间关系的现有证据,并探讨了肠道器官轴在这些疾病中的作用。因此,本文为微生物群干预促进早产儿健康的未来前景提供了见解。
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