插入序列(IS)是能在基因组内自主移动的短 DNA 序列。虽然大多数 IS 元素在转座过程中没有序列特异性,但有两个 IS 家族,即 IS110 和 IS1111,表现出特殊的目标位点选择性。两个研究小组的研究发现,这两个家族的序列特异性源于它们表达的非编码 RNA(ncRNA)。以前的研究表明,IS1111 家族元件产生的环状 DNA 中间体可在连接位点形成启动子。Durrant、Perry 等人发现,IS110 家族成员可以形成这样的启动子,并驱动一种 ncRNA 的表达,他们称之为桥式 RNA。桥式 RNA 包含两个内部环路,分别通过碱基配对识别目标插入位点和供体 DNA,从而将两个 DNA 分子连接在一起供重组酶处理。重要的是,可以对这两个环路进行设计,使重组酶重新编程,将几千个碱基的DNA插入大肠杆菌细胞中用户定义的位点。研究小组还表明,桥接 RNA 可用于 DNA 切除和反转。
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