Effect of polishing and bleaching on color, whiteness, and translucency of CAD/CAM monolithic materials.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of polishing and bleaching on the recovery of lightness, color, whiteness, and relative translucency parameter (RTP) in CAD/CAM materials and changes in these properties when another staining in coffee was conducted after the treatments.

Materials and methods: Disks of Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX), and Vita Suprinity (VS) were (1) not treated (control), (2) polished with Proxyt or (3) Ceramisté, (4) bleached with Opalescence PF or (5) Whiteness HP Blue, and (6) air polished with Clinpro Prophy Powder. CIE L*a*b* color coordinates were registered at baseline (R₀), after staining with coffee for 30 min daily for 36.5 days and treatment (R₁), and after another staining (R₂). Differences (R₁-R₀ and R₂-R₀) in lightness (ΔL₀₀), color (ΔE₀₀), RTP (ΔRTP₀₀), and whiteness (ΔWI_D) were evaluated by mixed repeated measures ANOVA and 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05) and interpreted in function of their respective 50:50% PT and AT thresholds. Topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: In LU, Opalescence PF and Proxyt decreased ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , and ${\mathrm{\Delta WI}}_{D\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ and showed lower ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ , ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ , and ${\mathrm{\Delta WI}}_{D\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ . In VE, all treatments decreased ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , and ${\mathrm{\Delta WI}}_{D\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , whereas ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ , ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ , and ${\mathrm{\Delta WI}}_{D\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ were lower in Opalescence PF than in the control group. In both moments, ΔE₀₀ and ΔWI_D in EMP (also ΔL₀₀) and EMAX were higher in Opalescence PF than in the control group, from which the other treatments did not differ in R₁-R₀. In EMP, ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ in Whiteness HP Blue (also ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ ) and Proxyt were also higher in comparison to the control group and in VS, Ceramisté decreased ${\Delta L}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , and $\Delta RT{P}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ , whereas Opalescence PF increased ${\text{ΔRTP}}_{00\left(R_1-R_0\right)}$ . ${\Delta E}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ of Ceramisté and ${\mathrm{\Delta WI}}_{D\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ and $\Delta RT{P}_{00\left(R_2-R_0\right)}$ of Proxyt were lower than those of the control group.

Conclusions: The most suitable treatment to recover the lightness, color, whiteness, and RTP without changing these properties after another coffee exposure is material-dependent.

Clinical significance: Although the effectiveness of the treatment was material-dependent, Proxyt was the only treatment that promoted clinically acceptable changes for both LU and VE, while for purely ceramic materials, this condition was observed with Ceramisté and Clinpro Prophy Powder.