Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis provides better outcomes in comparison to autologous minced cartilage implantation in the repair of knee chondral defects.

Abstract

Purpose: In symptomatic mid-sized focal chondral defects, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) and minced cartilage implantation (MCI) offer two versatile treatment options. This study aimed to conduct a matched-patient analysis of patient-reported outcome measures to compare these two surgical treatment methods for focal chondral defects.

Methods: At the first centre, patients underwent a single-stage procedure in which autologous cartilage was hand-minced, implanted into the defect and fixed with fibrin glue. At the second centre, patients underwent AMIC, which was fixed in place with fibrin glue. All patients were seen 2-4 years postoperatively. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), the Lysholm score and the five domains of the knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Patients from each surgical centre were matched by age, sex, defect size and defect localisation.

Results: In total, 48 patients from two surgical centres (24 from each site) were matched for sex, age (MCI 30.3 ± 14.9 years vs. AMIC 30.8 ± 13.7 years) and defect size (MCI 2.49 ± 1.5 cm² vs. AMIC 2.65 ± 1.1 cm²). Significantly better scores in the AMIC cohort were noted for VAS (p = 0.004), Lysholm (p = 0.043) and the KOOS subscales for pain (p = 0.016) and quality of life (p = 0.036). There was a significantly greater proportion of positive responders for Lysholm in the AMIC group (92%) compared with the MCI group (64%).

Conclusions: The AMIC procedure delivers superior patient outcomes compared with hand-minced autologous cartilage implantation. These are mid-term outcomes, with follow-up between 2 and 4 years.

Level of evidence: Level III.