Things Fall Apart: Tracing the Tools and Means of Constructing Colonial Historiography

Mahfuza Rahat Oishy, Mahbuba Sarker
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Abstract

History is a political tool. It is a tool of power either to the exploited or to the exploiters based on the narration of it. Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart witnesses the pre-colonial, under-colonial and post-colonial phases of Igbo society, a territory that represents colonized Africa or to some extent, all the colonized societies. This paper aims at illustrating the tools and the means incorporated to strengthen the base of imperialist interests marginalizing the historical narratives of the local “other” people. Therefore, this study explores the tools, like religion, education and administration, and the means, like the church, missionary and administrative system which are used by the colonial rulers to prevail hegemony in the novel. To this end, Edward Said’s Orientalist Discourse and French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser’s article ‘‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses’’ in which he has discussed discourse of State Apparatuses like Ideological State Apparatus and Repressive State Apparatus which will constitute the cornerstone of this study. Thus, this paper will contribute and enrich the existing African, Caribbean and postcolonial literatures and come up with a new approach – Things Fall Apart: Tracing the Tools and Means of Constructing Colonial Historiography.
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物是人非:追溯构建殖民史学的工具和手段
历史是一种政治工具。根据对历史的叙述,它是被剥削者或剥削者的权力工具。尼日利亚作家奇努阿-阿契贝的《分崩离析》见证了伊格博社会的前殖民时期、殖民时期和后殖民时期。本文旨在说明帝国主义为加强其利益基础而采用的工具和手段,这些工具和手段将当地 "他者 "人民的历史叙事边缘化。因此,本研究探讨了殖民统治者在小说中用来推行霸权的宗教、教育和行政等工具,以及教会、传教士和行政系统等手段。为此,爱德华-萨义德的《东方学话语》和法国马克思主义哲学家路易斯-阿尔都塞的文章《意识形态和意识形态国家机器》中讨论了意识形态国家机器和镇压性国家机器等国家机器的话语,这将构成本研究的基石。因此,本文将有助于丰富现有的非洲、加勒比和后殖民文学,并提出一种新的方法--"分崩离析"(Things Fall Apart):追溯构建殖民史学的工具和手段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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