Therapeutic Recommendations for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in the US

Abstract

Introduction: Acne vulgaris and related sequelae negatively impact quality of life and are associated with increased rates of anxiety and depression. However, treatment of acne can be difficult due to its long time course, chronicity, and low patient adherence. While national acne guidelines have been recently updated, there is a need for practical, easy-to-use guidance for healthcare practitioners who treat patients with acne. Methods: A roundtable discussion with a panel of eight clinicians and dermatologists was held to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of acne, including appropriate pharmaceutical treatments based on clinical presentation and patient population, patient discussion points, and advice for clinicians regarding acne treatment. Results: The consensus was that successful acne treatment is contingent upon meeting three core goals: 1) correct diagnosis; 2) proper treatment regimen; and 3) patient adherence and education. 1: Acne should be diagnosed using both quantitative and qualitative assessments, taking into consideration the patient’s lived experience with acne. Quantitative assessments include acne duration; lesion type and location; inflammation; acne-related sequelae; and family history of scarring. Qualitative assessments determine how bothersome acne and/or sequelae are to patients and how much they impact quality of life. Differential diagnoses should be performed to rule out acneiform lesions, genetic disorders, infections, and certain types of medications. 2: For most patients, a combination topical treatment containing benzoyl peroxide and a retinoid and/or an antibiotic is recommended to address the multiple acne pathological processes, though sequelae and patient characteristics should be considered (eg, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color). Fixed-dose combinations are preferred to ensure proper skin coverage, simplify treatment complexity, and improve adherence. 3: For optimal outcomes, patients should be educated about their treatments and consequences of non-adherence; realistic treatment goals should be established to manage patient expectations. A patient handout on skin care best practices can be used to detail their overall skin care regimen, treatments, and subsequent visits. Conclusions: This practical guidance aims to assist clinicians in the successful diagnosis and treatment of acne as well as patient management/education.