Repercussion of Fiber Content on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Thermomechanical Properties of Natural Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Automotive Application

Mufaddal Huzefa Shakir, A. Singh, Siddhartha Sharma
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Abstract

Natural fibers are becoming very popular as a reinforcement in composite materials owing to their benefits, such as low-price, lightweight, availability, and environmental friendliness. In this study, abaca fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were created with the help of the injection molding method. Prior to composite fabrication, abaca fibers were chemically treated with a 5 wt.% caustic soda (NaOH) solution to improve the bonding between the abaca fibers and the matrix and to enhance their properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to assess the fiber surface microstructures before as well as after the chemical treatment, along with the fractured surfaces of tensile specimens. The mechanical properties, such as tensile, bending, and impact strength, of abaca/PP and abaca/HDPE composites were evaluated and compared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods were utilized to investigate the thermal behaviour of composites. Also, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method was utilized to explore the thermomechanical properties of the fabricated composites. The outcomes of the experimental findings showed that abaca/PP composite with 10 and 20 wt.% fibers is the best choice of material to be used in the automobile industry.
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纤维含量对汽车用天然纤维增强热塑性复合材料的机械、热和热机械性能的影响
天然纤维因其价格低廉、重量轻、易得性和环保性等优点,正逐渐成为复合材料中非常受欢迎的增强材料。在这项研究中,利用注塑成型法制造了巴西蕉纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料。在制造复合材料之前,用 5 wt.% 的烧碱(NaOH)溶液对刺槐纤维进行化学处理,以改善刺槐纤维与基体之间的粘合性并提高其性能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)评估化学处理前后纤维表面的微观结构以及拉伸试样的断裂表面。此外,还评估并比较了阿拉伯树胶/聚丙烯和阿拉伯树胶/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的机械性能,如拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析法(TGA)研究了复合材料的热性能。此外,还利用动态机械分析(DMA)方法探讨了所制复合材料的热机械性能。实验结果表明,含有 10 和 20 wt.% 纤维的阿拉伯树胶/聚丙烯复合材料是汽车行业使用的最佳材料选择。
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