Liquid Soap from Waste Cooking Oil Containing Betel and Aloe Vera Creates Low Risk to Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Rat Skin

Abstract

The quality of used cooking oil can be improved by purifying it using bagasse activated charcoal. Purified used cooking oil can be used as raw material for soap. Use of soap can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Skin suffering from ACD is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration of the skin, the inflammatory cells involved are mast cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), namely basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. Therefore, inflammatory cells were chosen as a parameter for the ACD response to the use of used cooking oil liquid soap containing betel and aloe vera. Liquid soap formed was use an extract concentration of 4.5, 9 and 15 %. Skin sensitivity testing was tested on male Wistar rats aged 2 - 3 months for 14 days. Quantitative data was obtained through histopathological examination of the number of inflammatory cells, which were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the use of liquid soap with an extract concentration of 9 % (4.24 ± 0.74) and 15 % (3.96 ± 0.25) had no effect on basophil infiltration. The use of liquid soap with an extract concentration of 4.5 % (2.96 ± 1.17, 6.42 ± 0.86, 5.96 ± 0.38), 9 % (3.12 ± 0.47, 4.62 ± 0.68, 6.42 ± 1.06) and 15 % (3.36 ± 0.41, 5.08 ± 0.30, 6.44 ± 0.55) had no effect on infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages. The use of liquid soap with an extract concentration of 9 % (4.60 ± 0.86) had no effect on mast cell infiltration. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best concentration of 9 % extract betel and aloe vera showed no infiltration of inflammatory cells in rats’ skin given soap from waste cooking oil. Thus, that the soap formed from waste cooking oil treated with bagasse activated charcoal and contain betel and aloe vera is predicted safe to used.