Reliability analysis of deep tunnels in spatially varying brittle rocks using interval and random field modelling

IF 7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105836
Akshay Kumar, Surabhi Maurya, Gaurav Tiwari
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Abstract

Rock properties are estimated using objective lab/in-situ testing and subjective judgements invoking different types of uncertainties, i.e., aleatory, and epistemic, along them, often indicated by varying information levels. This study presents a unified reliability method to integrate the spatial variability of inputs modelled via alternate uncertainty models (intervals and probability-boxes (p-boxes)) with those modelled as stochastic variables via probability distributions. The methodology employs advanced Karhunen–Loève decomposition to generate interval and random fields of inputs modelled via alternate and stochastic models, respectively. Input properties are allocated to the zones of the numerical model in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua-2D (FLAC-2D) based on their spatial dependency and correlation functions through a developed MATLAB-FLAC coupled code. The methodology is demonstrated for a deep tunnel in Canada to be constructed along a massive rock prone to brittle failures. Intact rock properties are modelled as stochastic variables due to objective estimation, while Geological Strength Index (GSI) and deformation modulus are modelled using alternate models (interval and p-box, respectively) due to subjective and hybrid estimation (double uncertainty propagation algorithm). The results of the methodology are compared with those of traditional deterministic and random field methods. The methodology reduces the subjectivity invoked by including unavailable additional information (e.g., assuming probability distributions of inputs based on literature) and propagates the originally available information of inputs accurately. The final outputs are the p-boxes of response parameters (i.e., displacements and damage zone) instead of their fixed values (deterministic analysis) and probability distributions (traditional reliability analysis), indicating the propagation of both impreciseness and variability of inputs by the method. For this case study, the p-boxes of outputs were bounding their values/distributions estimated via traditional analyses, verifying the accuracy of the methodology. Further, the impreciseness in the outputs, highest in the damage zone extent, was due to imprecision in the estimated GSI.

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利用区间和随机场建模对空间变化的脆性岩中的深层隧道进行可靠性分析
对岩石特性的估算,既有客观的实验室/现场测试,也有主观的判断,其中包含不同类型的不确定性,即已知的和认识的不确定性,这些不确定性通常表现为不同的信息水平。本研究提出了一种统一的可靠性方法,将通过交替不确定性模型(区间和概率框(p-boxes))建模的输入空间变异性与通过概率分布作为随机变量建模的输入空间变异性结合起来。该方法采用先进的 Karhunen-Loève 分解法,分别生成通过交替模型和随机模型建模的输入的区间和随机场。通过开发的 MATLAB-FLAC 耦合代码,根据输入属性的空间依赖性和相关函数,将输入属性分配到快速拉格朗日连续体分析-2D(FLAC-2D)数值模型的区域。该方法针对加拿大的一条深隧道进行了演示,该隧道将沿着易发生脆性破坏的大块岩石建造。由于采用了客观估算,完整岩石属性被模拟为随机变量,而地质强度指数(GSI)和变形模量则由于采用了主观估算和混合估算(双重不确定性传播算法),使用交替模型(分别为区间模型和 p-box 模型)进行模拟。该方法的结果与传统的确定性方法和随机现场方法的结果进行了比较。该方法减少了因加入不可用的附加信息(如根据文献假设输入的概率分布)而产生的主观性,并准确地传播了输入的原始可用信息。最终输出的是响应参数(即位移和破坏区)的 p-框,而不是其固定值(确定性分析)和概率分布(传统可靠性分析),这表明该方法传播了输入的不精确性和可变性。在本案例研究中,通过传统分析估算出的输出值/分布的 p 框与其值/分布的边界一致,验证了该方法的准确性。此外,由于估算的 GSI 不精确,导致输出结果不精确,其中损坏区范围的精确度最高。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
196
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences focuses on original research, new developments, site measurements, and case studies within the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Serving as an international platform, it showcases high-quality papers addressing rock mechanics and the application of its principles and techniques in mining and civil engineering projects situated on or within rock masses. These projects encompass a wide range, including slopes, open-pit mines, quarries, shafts, tunnels, caverns, underground mines, metro systems, dams, hydro-electric stations, geothermal energy, petroleum engineering, and radioactive waste disposal. The journal welcomes submissions on various topics, with particular interest in theoretical advancements, analytical and numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.
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