Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Backgroud and Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication of COVID-19 infection, with varied incidence rates globally. COVID-19 has exacerbated AKI cases, with a significant portion of patients experiencing kidney damage. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors associated with AKI among COVID-19 patients in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: Data from 364 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a hospital in Semarang between March 2020 and September 2021 were analyzed. Statistical analysis using chi-square and logistic regression examined the relationship between AKI and its determinants, with p≤0.05 considered significant. Results: The majority of patients were male, most had no prior medical conditions. Analysis indicated links between AKI and various factors like several physical and supportive examination results. Few comorbidities were found to increase the risk of AKI, followed also by abnormal vital signs except blood pressure, several elevated level of laboratory results, and radiologic pneumonia finding. Conclusion: COVID-19 may harm the kidneys causing AKI. This study highlights the importance of history taking, examination, and laboratory monitoring to detect AKI in COVID-19 patients.