Castor Bean Meal Fertilizer Improves Peanut Yield and Quality by Regulating the Soil Physicochemical Environment and Soil Enzyme Activities

IF 3.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI:10.1007/s42729-024-01863-1
Mingjing Li, Rui Luo, Mingda Yin, Zhiyan Wang, Zhimin Su, Xiaohui Gu, Xuemei Hu, Chi Zhang, Fenglan Huang
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Abstract

Purpose

Fertilization is important for improving crop yield and soil quality. Elucidation of the effects of castor bean meal (CBM) fertilizer on peanut yield and quality and soil fertility can lead to additional fertilization options for peanut and provide a theoretical reference for achieving a high-quality, high-yielding peanut.

Methods

During 2022–2023, a two-year long-term field experiment was conducted in Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia, China. No fertilizer (CK) was used as the control, and the effects of different treatments, i.e., CBM fertilizer (B1: 2520 kg ha-1, B2: 5040 kg ha-1, and B3: 10,080 kg ha-1), chemical fertilizer alone (F1: 175 kg ha-1, F2: 350 kg ha-1, and F3: 700 kg ha-1), and cow manure alone (N1: 3724 kg ha-1, N2: 7448 kg ha-1, and N3: 14,896 kg ha-1) on peanut yield and quality and soil fertility were investigated.

Results

The results showed that CBM fertilizer application improved soil ecology. Compared with other fertilization treatments, the soil pH of B3 treatment decreased by 8.5%, but significantly increased the contents of organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), basic phosphorus (AP) and rapidly available potassium (AK) in the soil, which increased by 86.4%, 64.6%, 70.5%, 11.3%, 75.8%, 150.1%, and 116.2%, respectively, compared with CK. Meanwhile, B1, B2, N1 and N2 treatments also led to the elevation of the above indexes. In addition, the activities of urease (URE), sucrase (SUC), phosphatase (PPL), catalase (CAT), amylase (AMY) and protease (PRO) in the B3 treatment were significantly greater than those in the other fertilization treatments, with increases of 256.4%, 248.4%, 68.2%, 96.8%, 267.3%, and 155.7%, respectively, compared with CK. The B3 treatment also significantly increased the rootlet length(PRL), number of branches(BN), plant height(PLH) and lateral branch length(LBL) of the peanut plants. Compared with the other treatments, the B3 treatment had a greater peanut yields, reaching 8059.5 kg ha-1 and 9935.7 kg ha-1 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compared with the other treatments, the B1 treatment significantly increased the contents of protein (Pro), fat (FAT), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and vitamin E (VE), which increased by 23.3%, 6.1%, 1.0%, 29.1%, respectively, compared with CK, but the total sugar (TS) content was reduced by 9.1%. Correlation analysis further confirmed that peanut yield and quality were significantly correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities.

Conclusions

This study showed that the application of CBM fertilizer has certain positive effects. For example, the B3 treatment has certain potential for increasing peanut yield, and the B1 treatment can be used for peanut quality improvement. Therefore, CBM fertilizer is recommended as a new type of organic fertilizer for improving the peanut quality and yield.

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蓖麻籽肥通过调节土壤理化环境和土壤酶活性提高花生产量和质量
目的施肥对提高作物产量和土壤质量非常重要。阐明蓖麻粕(CBM)肥料对花生产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响,可为花生的施肥提供更多的选择,并为实现花生的优质高产提供理论参考。方法 2022-2023 年,在中国内蒙古通辽市进行了为期两年的长期田间试验。以不施肥(CK)为对照,不同处理的效果,即结果表明,施用煤层气肥改善了土壤生态。与其他施肥处理相比,B3 处理的土壤 pH 值下降了 8.5%,但土壤中有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、碱解磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的含量显著增加,分别比 CK 增加了 86.4%、64.6%、70.5%、11.3%、75.8%、150.1% 和 116.2%。同时,B1、B2、N1 和 N2 处理也导致了上述指标的提高。此外,B3 处理的脲酶(URE)、蔗糖酶(SUC)、磷酸酶(PPL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、淀粉酶(AMY)和蛋白酶(PRO)的活性明显高于其他施肥处理,与 CK 相比分别提高了 256.4%、248.4%、68.2%、96.8%、267.3% 和 155.7%。B3 处理还显著增加了花生植株的小根长度(PRL)、分枝数(BN)、株高(PLH)和侧枝长度(LBL)。与其他处理相比,B3 处理的花生产量更高,在 2022 年和 2023 年分别达到 8059.5 千克/公顷和 9935.7 千克/公顷。与其他处理相比,B1 处理显著增加了蛋白质(Pro)、脂肪(FAT)、不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)和维生素 E(VE)的含量,分别比 CK 增加了 23.3%、6.1%、1.0% 和 29.1%,但总糖(TS)含量减少了 9.1%。相关分析进一步证实,花生的产量和品质与土壤养分和酶活性显著相关。例如,B3 处理对提高花生产量有一定潜力,B1 处理可用于改善花生品质。因此,建议将煤层气肥料作为一种新型有机肥料用于提高花生的品质和产量。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.30%
发文量
331
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.
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