True first-pass effect in patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute large core strokes

Abstract

Objective

The impact of true first-pass effect (T-FPE, achieving substantial recanalization with extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; eTICI 3 after 1 thrombectomy) and outcomes on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large ischemic core remains uncertain. We aimed to study the association between T-FPE and outcomes in AIS patients with large core infarct through a real-world multicenter study.

Methods

From a prospective multicentric registry, we collected the data of all consecutive acute stroke patients with a large ischemic core who underwent thrombectomy and compared the outcomes of patients who achieved T-FPE and those who did not. In addition, we compared the outcomes of patients with different numbers of thrombectomy pass to identify the effectiveness of T-FPE. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of T-FPE. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score; mRS 0–3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included a 90-day mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours after thrombectomy.

Results

Between November 2021 and February 2023, 447 eligible patients at 38 stroke centers were enrolled. Out of 447 thrombectomy patients, T-FPE was achieved in 102 individuals (22.8%). T-FPE was significantly associated with a higher proportion of good functional outcome (mRS 0–3 at 3 months, OR 2.221, 95% CI 1.418–3.479, p < 0.001) and lower mortality than non-T-FPE patients (31.4% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.012). The occlusion sites and lower DBP were strong predictors of T-FPE.

Interpretation

T-FPE was associated with favorable outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients with a large ischemic core who underwent EVT.