Four-dimensional (4D) printing through FDM: Effect of infill density and bed temperature on shape memory properties in different thermo-mechanical programming conditions

IF 1.5 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI:10.1007/s12206-024-0727-3

Bijaya Bikram Samal, Shailendra Kumar Varshney, Cheruvu Siva Kumar

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of key parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM), i.e., infill density and bed temperature, on the shape memory properties of four-dimensional (4D) printed shape memory polymer (SMP). Two thermo-mechanical programming methodologies, namely programming during printing (PDP) and programming after printing (PAP), are used to examine their effects too. Increasing the infill percentage greatly improves the ability of the material to regain its original shape. This is achieved by increasing the amount of material and minimizing gaps between layers, which helps to build up the pre-strain, which causes shape morphing. On the other hand, higher bed temperatures decrease the shape recovery by slowing down cooling, decreasing residual strain, and minimizing thermal stresses. Compared to PAP samples, PDP samples show a significant 40 % increase in shape memory index (SMI), indicating the considerable influence of FDM printing rather than post-printing programming process.

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通过 FDM 进行四维（4D）打印：不同热机械编程条件下填充密度和床温对形状记忆特性的影响

本研究探讨了熔融沉积建模（FDM）的关键参数，即填充密度和床层温度对四维（4D）印刷形状记忆聚合物（SMP）形状记忆特性的影响。此外，还采用了两种热机械编程方法，即印刷过程中编程（PDP）和印刷后编程（PAP），来研究它们的影响。增加填充比例可大大提高材料恢复原始形状的能力。这是通过增加材料量和尽量减少层与层之间的间隙来实现的，这有助于建立预应变，从而导致形状变形。另一方面，较高的床层温度会减缓冷却速度、减少残余应变和热应力，从而降低形状恢复能力。与 PAP 样品相比，PDP 样品的形状记忆指数（SMI）显著增加了 40%，这表明 FDM 印刷比印刷后编程过程具有更大的影响力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

6.20%

发文量

517

审稿时长

7.7 months

期刊介绍： The aim of the Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology is to provide an international forum for the publication and dissemination of original work that contributes to the understanding of the main and related disciplines of mechanical engineering, either empirical or theoretical. The Journal covers the whole spectrum of mechanical engineering, which includes, but is not limited to, Materials and Design Engineering, Production Engineering and Fusion Technology, Dynamics, Vibration and Control, Thermal Engineering and Fluids Engineering. Manuscripts may fall into several categories including full articles, solicited reviews or commentary, and unsolicited reviews or commentary related to the core of mechanical engineering.