Extrahepatic Portal Venous Gas Is the Strongest Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Portal Venous Gas and Pneumatosis Intestinalis.

Abstract

Background: Very few studies have examined the association between contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings observed in portal venous gas (PVG) and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and the underlying diseases in these conditions.

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed this association and report the findings for predicting mortality.

Materials and methods: Overall, 50 patients diagnosed with PVG or PI, observed on contrast-enhanced CT, underwent treatment at our hospital. Based on the underlying disease, we divided the patients into three groups, those with ischemic disease, infectious disease, or gastrointestinal dilatation. Furthermore, cases that underwent surgical treatment or needed surgery but were inoperable were assigned to the high risk group (n=16) and patients who received conservative treatment were assigned to the low risk group (n=34). We reviewed the patients' medical charts, laboratory data, and CT images retrospectively, and analyzed the relationship between CT findings, underlying disease, and association with the high risk or low risk group in each case.

Results: Poor enhancement of the intestinal wall, mesenteric fat stranding, extrahepatic PVG, advanced age, and renal disease were significantly associated with ischemic disease (p=0.02, p=0.02, p=0.005, p=0.008 and p=0.049, respectively). PI alone was strongly associated with gastrointestinal dilatation (p=0.009). Patients in the low risk group had more favorable outcomes with conservative treatment. In multivariate analysis, extrahepatic PVG was the only factor associated with the high risk group (p=0.002).

Conclusion: Extrahepatic PVG associated with ischemic disease was the strongest predictive factor of mortality. Other CT findings, though useful in diagnosing the underlying disease, were not significant predictive factors.