Prevalence of red blood cell alloantibodies in pregnant women with sickle cell disease in Bamako.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with severe complications. Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunisation is a worrying situation in pregnant women with SCD. This could increase the difficulty in finding a pheno-compatible red blood product. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of RBC alloantibodies in pregnant women with SCD and to determine the risk factors for alloantibodies formation.

Methods/materials: We conducted a prospective study at the "Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine de Bamako" from August 2022 to January 2023. For each participant, we collected important information, including obstetrical and transfusion histories. We performed ABO group, Rh and Kell phenotyping, and antibody screening in all study participants. We performed statistical analysis.

Results: We recruited 95 pregnant women with SCD. In our study, 62% of our participant had a history of blood transfusion. Only 23% of our pregnant women with SCD had a history of miscarriage. The prevalence of RBC alloantibodies was 14%. The main antibodies detected were anti-E (38%) and pan-agglutinins (23%). Miscarriage history, blood transfusion history, and pregnancy number were the main risk factors for RBC alloimmunisation.

Conclusion: The care of pregnant women with SCD is complex and requires collaboration between haematologists, clinicians and gynaecologists. National guidelines should be implemented to make ABO and D typing, Rh and Kell phenotyping and antibody screening routine for all pregnant women. This would facilitate early detection of high-risk situations. Particular attention should be paid to SCD pregnant women with miscarriage and blood transfusion histories.